Copper and Blood/Circulatory Issues

Copper is an essential trace mineral that plays a vital role in numerous physiological functions, particularly within the blood and circulatory system. Despite its importance, copper deficiency is often overlooked, leading to a variety of blood-related disorders and circulatory issues. Understanding the role of copper in these functions can help identify potential deficiencies and their impact on overall health.

Anemia

Copper is essential for the proper utilization of iron in the body. It helps in the formation of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. Without adequate copper, iron transport is impaired, leading to iron-deficiency anemia. This condition is characterized by fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pale skin. Unlike classic iron-deficiency anemia, copper deficiency-induced anemia will not improve with iron supplementation alone. Instead, addressing copper levels is crucial to restoring proper red blood cell production and function.
Studies show individuals with copper deficiency experience microcytic anemia, which mimics iron deficiency anemia but does not respond to iron therapy. When copper supplementation was introduced, hemoglobin levels normalized, confirming copper’s essential role in red blood cell production.

Poor Blood Clotting

The body relies on copper for proper blood coagulation. Copper-dependent enzymes are involved in the formation of platelets, which help the blood clot in response to injuries. Deficiencies in copper can lead to prolonged bleeding, easy bruising, and an increased risk of hemorrhaging. Those who experience frequent nosebleeds, excessive bleeding from small cuts, or unexplained bruising may have insufficient copper levels contributing to their symptoms.
Individuals with copper deficiency have reduced platelet function and are at higher risk for excessive bleeding. Copper supplementation has shown in studies to lead to improved clotting times and reduced bruising, emphasizing its role in hemostasis. If you bruise easily, it is highly likely you are copper deficient. Without sufficient copper, blood vessel walls can become fragile, making them more prone to breaking under minor impact, leading to easy bruising.

High Blood Pressure

Copper plays a key role in maintaining the elasticity and integrity of blood vessels. It is required for the formation of collagen and elastin, which give blood vessels their flexibility. When copper levels are low, blood vessels may become stiff and fragile, leading to increased resistance in blood flow and, subsequently, elevated blood pressure. This connection between copper deficiency and hypertension has been noted in multiple studies, suggesting that proper copper intake may be a key factor in cardiovascular health.
Studies show that copper supplementation improves blood pressure regulation in individuals with mild hypertension. Researchers concluded that copper deficiency might be an underlying factor in some cases of high blood pressure, particularly in individuals with poor dietary intake.

Cardiovascular Disease

A lack of copper can lead to an increased risk of heart disease due to its role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Copper-dependent enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), help protect blood vessels from damage caused by free radicals. Without adequate copper, oxidative stress can contribute to arterial plaque buildup, leading to atherosclerosis and a heightened risk of heart attacks and strokes. Additionally, copper plays a role in regulating cholesterol levels, and deficiencies may result in elevated LDL (“bad”) cholesterol and decreased HDL (“good”) cholesterol.
Individuals with lower copper levels have significantly higher rates of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Researchers have noted in studies that supplementing with copper improved vascular elasticity and helped regulate blood pressure, further supporting its role in circulatory health.

Weak Blood Vessels

Copper is necessary for the production of strong blood vessels through its role in collagen formation. Weak or brittle blood vessels can lead to conditions such as aneurysms, which occur when the vessel walls become too fragile and bulge outward. This can be life-threatening if the aneurysm ruptures. Individuals with a history of vascular problems or frequent bruising should consider the role of copper in maintaining vascular integrity.

Studies on animals with induced copper deficiency showed they develop aneurysms at a much higher rate than those with normal copper levels. The findings suggested that maintaining adequate copper intake could help reduce the risk of aneurysm formation by strengthening vascular integrity.

Low White Blood Cell Count

Copper deficiency has been directly linked to a reduction in white blood cells, particularly neutrophils. These immune cells are crucial in fighting infections, and low neutrophil counts can lead to increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral illnesses. Frequent infections, slow wound healing, and persistent colds may be signs of copper-related immune suppression. Ensuring adequate copper levels can support immune function and overall blood health.

Individuals with persistently low neutrophil counts often have low copper levels. Studies on this show that after copper supplementation was introduced, neutrophil production improved, indicating a direct link between copper status and immune cell function.

Conclusion

Copper is an essential mineral with profound effects on the blood and circulatory system. From aiding in the production of red and white blood cells to supporting vascular health and preventing cardiovascular disease, its importance cannot be overstated. Those experiencing circulatory problems, high blood pressure, clotting disorders, or frequent infections should consider assessing their copper levels. With proper dietary intake and, if necessary, supplementation, many of these blood-related health issues can be addressed effectively.

References

Anemia and Neutropenia Associated with Copper Deficiency of Unclear Etiology
Halfdanarson, T. R., Kumar, N., Li, C. Y., & Phyliky, R. L. (2008). Anemia and neutropenia associated with copper deficiency of unclear etiology. American Journal of Hematology, 83(4), 307-310. Link to study

Hypocupremia and Bone Marrow Failure
Harris, E. D. (2008). Hypocupremia and bone marrow failure. Haematologica, 93(6), 841-843. Link to study

Copper Deficiency May Be a Leading Cause of Ischemic Heart Disease
DiNicolantonio, J. J., & O’Keefe, J. H. (2018). Copper deficiency may be a leading cause of ischaemic heart disease. Open Heart, 5(2), e000784. Link to study

Copper and Anesthesia: Clinical Relevance and Management of Copper-Related Disorders
Osredkar, J., & Sustar, N. (2011). Copper and anesthesia: Clinical relevance and management of copper-related disorders. Anesthesiology Research and Practice, 2011, 750901. Link to study

Image Diagnosis: Zinc-Induced Copper Deficiency Causing Anemia and Neutropenia
Kumar, N. (2017). Image diagnosis: Zinc-induced copper deficiency causing anemia and neutropenia. The Permanente Journal, 21, 16-077. Link to study