401) Epileptic Aura

A seizure aura is caused by changes in brain activity that affect your senses but are not associated with anything in your immediate environment. This unusual brain activity can cause you to see, feel, hear, smell, taste, or perceive things that aren’t there. They might include changes to your thoughts, senses, or awareness like: Flashing or flickering lights, blurry vision, dark spots, partial vision loss, or seeing things that aren’t there. A feeling of deja vu, panic, or detachment. Hearing voices or buzzing, ringing, or drumming sounds.

402) Epileptic Psychosis

Reflect a fundamental disruption in the fidelity of mind and occur during seizure freedom or during or after seizures. The psychotic symptoms in epilepsy share some qualities with schizophrenic psychosis, such as positive symptoms of paranoid delusions and hallucinations. probably contributes to the development of psychosis in some patients. Risk factors for interictal psychosis include early age at onset of epilepsy, female sex, severe epilepsy, left-sided temporal lobe focus, and a structural brain lesion.

403) Erythema

Is redness of the skin caused by injury or another inflammation-causing condition. Often presenting as a rash, erythema can be caused by environmental factors, infection, or overexposure to the sun (ie, sunburn). It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation. Examples of erythema not associated with pathology include nervous blushes.

404) Erythema Induratum

Is a panniculitis on the calves. It occurs mainly in women, but it is very rare now. Historically, when it has occurred, it has often been concomitant with cutaneous tuberculosis, and it was formerly thought to be always a reaction to the TB bacteria. Erythema induratum is clinically characterized by tender, erythematous, violaceous nodules, and plaques that are typically seen on the posterior aspect of lower legs, in particular, the calves.

405) Erythema Multiforme

Is a skin reaction that can be triggered by an infection or some medicines. It’s usually mild and goes away in a few weeks. There’s also a rare, severe form that can affect the mouth, genitals and eyes and can be life-threatening. This is known as erythema multiforme major. Most often, this disorder is caused by the herpes simplex virus. It has also been associated with Mycoplasma pnemoniae as well as fungal infections.

406) Erythema Nodosum

Is a type of skin inflammation that is located in a part of the fatty layer of skin. Erythema nodosum results in reddish, painful, tender lumps most commonly located in the front of the legs below the knees. The tender lumps, or nodules, of erythema nodosum range in size from a dime to a quarter. Erythema nodosum is a type of panniculitis. Panniculitis occurs when there is inflammation of the layer of fat lying underneath the skin. The inflammation causes red rounded lumps (nodules) to form just below the skin surface, which are tender.

407) Evans Syndrome

Is a rare disorder in which the body’s immune system produces antibodies that mistakenly destroy red blood cells, platelets and sometimes certain white blood cell known as neutrophils. This leads to abnormally low levels of these blood cells in the body (cytopenia). Low levels of red blood cells due to Evans disease may cause anemia. Anemia means that the body does not have enough red blood cells to get oxygen to the organs and tissues.

408) Exanthema Subitum

Roseola infantum (exanthema subitum, “sudden rash,” sixth disease, rose rash of infants, 3-day fever) is caused primarily by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), which is epidemiologically and biologically similar to cytomegalovirus. It has an incubation period (from time of exposure to the virus to symptom development) from about five to 14 days. The individual remains contagious until one or two days after the fever subsides. The roseola rash may still be present, but the child or individual is usually not contagious after the fever abates.

409) Expanded Disability Status Scale Score Decreased

Is a way of measuring how much someone is affected by their MS. The EDSS scale ranges from 0 to 10 in 0.5 unit increments that represent higher levels of disability. Scoring is based on an examination by a neurologist. EDSS steps 1.0 to 4.5 refer to people with MS who are able to walk without any aid and is based on measures of impairment in eight functional systems.

410) Expanded Disability Status Scale Score Increased

Scoring is based on an examination by a neurologist. EDSS steps 1.0 to 4.5 refer to people with MS who are able to walk without any aid and is based on measures of impairment in eight functional systems (FS): pyramidal – muscle weakness or difficulty moving limbs.

411) Exposure To Communicable Disease

Infectious diseases may be transmitted through a number of means, including but not limited to blood, saliva and other bodily fluids. If in the course of employment, a worker is exposed to an infectious disease, rapid medical treatment may be required to prevent infection. Some potential symptoms include fever or chills, stuffy or runny nose, sore throat, cough, headaches. muscle or body aches, fatigue.

412) Exposure To Sars-Cov-2

The most likely ecological reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2 are bats, but it is believed that the virus jumped the species barrier to humans from another intermediate animal host. This intermediate animal host could be a domestic food animal, a wild animal, or a domesticated wild animal which has not yet been identified.

413) Eye Oedema

Occurs when blood vessels in the light sensitive part of your eye (the retina) leak. The part of your eye responsible for central vision and detail (the macula) then swells up. This can cause permanent sight loss if untreated. Periorbital edema is a term for swelling around the eyes. The area around the eyes is called the eye socket or eye orbit.

414) Eye Pruritus

Itchy eyes, also known as ocular pruritis, are a very common problem. Itchy eyes are usually caused by an allergy or by a condition called dry eye syndrome. You might also have itchy eyelids, usually at the base of the eyelashes, and your eyes and/or eyelids might be swollen.

415) Eye Swelling

A swollen eyelid is a very common symptom, and is usually due to allergy, inflammation, infection or injury. The skin of your eyelid is less than 1 mm thick but it is loose and stretchy, so your eyelid is capable of swelling quite dramatically.

416) Eyelid Oedema

Periorbital edema is a term for swelling around the eyes. The area around the eyes is called the eye socket or eye orbit. Sometimes people refer to this condition as periorbital puffiness or puffy eyes. You can have periorbital edema in just one eye or both at the same time. Inflammation (due to allergy, infection, or injury), infection and trauma can all cause swelling of the eyelids. In come cases swelling of the eyelid may be the only symptom, but in others the eyelid is also likely to be red, itchy, gritty or sore.

417) Face Oedema

Facial swelling is puffiness caused by inflammation of facial tissue. Also known as facial edema, a puffy face is the result of an abnormally large buildup of fluid in your face, which occurs directly under the skin within your tissues.

418) Facial Paralysis

An inability to move the muscles of the face on one or both sides is known as facial paralysis. Facial paralysis can result from nerve damage due to congenital (present at birth) conditions, trauma or disease, such as stroke, brain tumor or Bell’s palsy. The greatest danger of facial paralysis is possible eye damage. Bell’s palsy often keeps one or both eyelids from closing fully. When the eye can’t blink normally, the cornea may dry out, and particles may enter and damage the eye.

419) Facial Paresis

Refers to the paralysis of muscles that are activated (innervated) by the facial nerve. The paralysis is usually on one side, and affects movements of the forehead, the eye, the nose, and the mouth. The symptoms of facial paralysis : facial paralysis on one side (rarely are both sides of the face affected), loss of blinking control on the affected side, decreased tearing, drooping of the mouth to the affected side, altered sense of taste, slurred speech, drooling, pain in or behind the ear.

420) Faciobrachial Dystonic Seizure

(FBDS) is a rare form of epilepsy characterized by frequent brief seizures, which primarily affect the arm and face. It has been described as the pathognomonic semiology for autoimmune limbic encephalitis (ALE).  is a rare form of epilepsy characterized by frequent brief seizures, which primarily affect the arm and face. It has been described as the pathognomonic semiology for autoimmune limbic encephalitis.

421) Fat Embolism

Is a piece of intravascular fat that lodges within a blood vessel and causes a blockage of blood flow. Fat emboli commonly occur after fractures to the long bones of the lower body, particularly the femur (thighbone), tibia (shinbone), and pelvis. Symptoms of fat embolism syndrome: rapid breathing. shortness of breath. mental confusion. lethargy.

422) Febrile Convulsion

Is a fit or seizure that occurs in children aged between 6 months and 6 years when they have a high fever. A febrile convulsion is not epilepsy and a short-lived fit will not cause brain damage – even a long fit almost never causes harm. The symptoms of febrile convulsions include: loss of consciousness (black out), twitching or jerking of arms and legs, breathing difficulty, foaming at the mouth, going pale or bluish in skin colour, eye rolling, so only the whites of their eyes are visible, your child may take 10 to 15 minutes to wake up properly afterwards.

423) Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome

Is a catastrophic epileptic syndrome that strikes previously healthy children aged 3-15 years and has an unknown pathogenesis and few treatments. These children experience a nonspecific febrile illness that is followed by prolonged refractory status epilepticus.

424) Febrile Neutropenia

Refers to the occurrence of a fever during a period of significant neutropenia. When a patient has neutropenia, his or her risk of infection may be higher than normal, and the severity of a given infection may be higher also. Signs and symptoms of neutropenia: A fever, which is a temperature of 100.5°F (38°C) or higher. Chills or sweating. Sore throat, sores in the mouth, or a toothache.Abdominal pain. Pain near the anus.Pain or burning when urinating, or urinating often.Diarrhea or sores around the anus.A cough or shortness of breath.

425) Felty’s Syndrome

Is a rare, potentially serious disorder that is defined by the presence of three conditions: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) and a decreased white blood cell count (neutropenia), which causes repeated infections. FS) is rare autoimmune disease characterized by the triad of rheumatoid arthritis, enlargement of the spleen and low neutrophil count.

426) Femoral Artery Embolism

Is a blood clot that has travelled through your arteries and become stuck. This can block or restrict blood flow. Clots generally affect the arms, legs, or feet. Symptoms: Cold arm or leg. Decreased or no pulse in an arm or leg. Lack of movement in the arm or leg. Pain in the affected area.Numbness and tingling in the arm or leg. Pale color of the arm or leg (pallor). Weakness of an arm or leg.

427) Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis

Is an uncommon kidney disease of the glomerulus, the site where waste is filtered from the body. Unusual fibril proteins plug the glomerulus, causing it to become inflamed. The most common symptoms of fibrillary glomerulonephritis include: Blood in the urine (hematuria). Protein in the urine (proteinuria) causing it to look “foamy”. Decreased kidney function (renal insufficiency). High blood pressure (hypertension).

428) Fibromyalgia

Is a condition that causes pain all over the body (also referred to as widespread pain), sleep problems, fatigue, and often emotional and mental distress. People with fibromyalgia may be more sensitive to pain than people without fibromyalgia. Main signs and symptoms: fatigue, lack of energy, trouble sleeping, depression or anxiety, memory problems and trouble concentrating (sometimes called “fibro fog”), headaches, muscle twitches or cramps, numbness or tingling in the hands and feet.

429) Flushing

Occurs because the blood vessels in the skin dilate. When flushing is produced by the activity of the nerves to the blood vessels, it is accompanied by sweating. Agents which act directly on the blood vessels cause dry flushing. Flushing is also a cardinal symptom of carcinoid syndrome—the syndrome that results from hormones (often serotonin or histamine) being secreted into systemic circulation.

430) Foaming At Mouth

To produce foam from the mouth because of illness or excitement The dog was foaming at the mouth. 2 informal: to be very angry about something He was foaming at the mouth with rage. Foaming at the mouth is normally associated with central nervous system problems with life-threatening complications, including coma and death.

431) Focal Cortical Resection

Is a type of surgery that removes damaged tissue from the brain that causes focal seizures. The surgery involves the removal of small parts of the brain and may involve tissue from one or more lobe.

432) Focal Dyscognitive Seizures

Does not involve convulsions, but it does impair awareness or consciousness. During the seizure, the person may be unable to respond to questions. Focal dyscognitive seizures can begin in different regions or brain networks. The symptoms of a focal seizure: muscle contractions, followed by relaxation, contractions on just one side of your body, unusual head or eye movements, numbness, tingling, or a feeling that something is crawling on your skin, abdominal pain, rapid heart rate or pulse.

433) Foetal Distress Syndrome

Fetal distress is a sign that your baby is not well. It happens when the baby isn’t receiving enough oxygen through the placenta. If it’s not treated, fetal distress can lead to the baby breathing in amniotic fluid containing meconium (poo).  Signs of Fetal Distress: Abnormal Heart Rates. Babies who are progressing well in utero will have stable and robust heartbeats. Decrease in Fetal Movement. Maternal Cramping. Maternal Weight Gain. Vaginal Bleeding. Meconium in the Amniotic Fluid.

434) Foetal Placental Thrombosis

Placental fetal thrombotic vasculopathy has been associated with stillbirth and intrapartum or neonatal death. The placenta is an organ that develops in your uterus during pregnancy. This structure provides oxygen and nutrients to your growing baby and removes waste products from your baby’s blood. The placenta attaches to the wall of your uterus, and your baby’s umbilical cord arises from it.

435) Fetor Hepaticus

Occurs when your breath has a strong, musty smell. It’s a sign that your liver is having trouble doing its job of filtering out toxic substances, usually due to severe liver disease. As a result, sulfur substances end up in your bloodstream and can make their way to your lungs. Fetor hepaticus is a late sign of hepatocellular failure and indicates the onset of hepatic encephalopathy, a condition in which the consciousness is affected along with other motor parameters, by the elevated levels of toxic substances in the brain.

436) Foreign Body Embolism

Can cause clot formation, secondary infection, pulmonary infarction and erosion to a bronchus. 1 ,2 Therefore, removal of foreign bodies should be considered to avoid secondary complications. Signs and symptoms may also include tiredness, weakness, hemorrhage, hematoma, transient hemiparesis, and edema.

437) Frontal Lobe Epilepsy

Are a common form of epilepsy, a neurological disorder in which clusters of brain cells send abnormal signals and cause seizures. These types of seizures stem from the front of the brain. The symptoms of a frontal lobe seizures: Abnormal behavior such as screaming, swearing or laughing. Head or eyes turning to one side. Leg movements such as kicking or pedaling. Pelvic thrusting. Sleep-walking. Thrashing. Twitching or jerking. Urinary incontinence (uncontrollable urine leakage).

438) Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 Diabetes Symptoms:Extreme thirst.Increased hunger (especially after eating). Dry mouth. Upset stomach and vomiting. Frequent urination.Unexplained weight loss, even though you’re eating and feel hungry. Fatigue. Blurry vision.  It is defined as diabetes in which the process of beta-cell destruction and the progression of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis are extremely rapid.

439) Galactose Elimination Capacity Test Abnormal

GEC, is a clinical liver test that gives an approximate measure of the liver’s maximum removal rate of galactose, V_max, and is interpreted as a measure of metabolic liver function. Consumption yes minimal blood. Methionine breath test consumption yes minimal breath test. Perfused hepatic mass extraction yes.

440) Galactose Elimination Capacity Test Decreased

Is a clinical liver test that gives an approximate measure of the liver’s maximum removal rate of galactose, V_max, and is interpreted as a measure of metabolic liver function.

441) Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Abnormal

(GGT) test measures the amount of GGT in the blood. GGT is an enzyme found throughout the body, but it is mostly found in the liver. When the liver is damaged, GGT may leak into the bloodstream. High levels of GGT in the blood may be a sign of liver disease or damage to the bile ducts.

442) Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Increased

In general, the higher the GGT level, the greater the damage to your liver. Liver conditions that can cause elevated GGT levels include: Hepatitis (liver inflammation), especially viral hepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis. Cirrhosis (scarring of the liver). GGT is an enzyme found throughout the body, but it is mostly found in the liver. When the liver is damaged, GGT may leak into the bloodstream.

443) Gastritis Herpes

Gastric infection with herpes simplex virus is rare, with only two cases previously reported. At the time of the previous reports, the virus could not be cultured, and the diagnosis was based on histological findings. Symptoms: pain or difficulty when swallowing, nausea, heartburn or chest pain, symptoms that typically accompany a fever, sores in the back of the throat, sores on or around the mouth.

444) Gastrointestinal Amyloidosis

Clinical presentation: Several longitudinal and cross-sectional cohorts have described the symptomatology of GI amyloidosis. Common presenting symptoms include weight loss, diarrhea, abdominal pain, malabsorption, esophageal reflux, and varying degrees of upper and lower GI bleeding, including fatal hemorrhage.

445) Gelastic Seizure

Is the term used to describe focal or partial seizures with bouts of uncontrolled laughing or giggling. They are often called laughing seizures. The person may look like they are smiling or smirking. Dacrystic seizures are focal or partial seizures when a person makes a crying sound.

446) Generalised Onset Non-Motor Seizure

Is a Generalized Onset Non-Motor Seizure. An absence seizure causes a short period of “blanking out” or staring into space, and are usually so brief that they frequently escape notice. Like other kinds of seizures, they are caused by abnormal activity in a person’s brain.

447) Generalised Tonic-Clonic Seizure

An absence seizure causes a short period of “blanking out” or staring into space, and are usually so brief that they frequently escape notice. Like other kinds of seizures, they are caused by abnormal activity in a person’s brain.

448) Genital Herpes

Outbreaks usually look like a cluster of itchy or painful blisters filled with fluid. They may be different sizes and appear in different places. The blisters break or turn into sores that bleed or ooze a whitish fluid.If you experience symptoms of genital herpes, they may include: Pain or itching. You may experience pain and tenderness in your genital area until the infection clears. Small red bumps or tiny white blisters. These may appear a few days to a few weeks after infection.Ulcers. Scabs.

449) Genital Herpes Simplex

Is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Sexual contact is the primary way that the virus spreads. After the initial infection, the virus lies dormant in your body and can reactivate several times a year.

450) Genital Herpes Zoster

Herpes zoster is an acute, cutaneous viral infection caused by the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus. Genital dermatomes are involved in only up to 2% of cases and are probably underrecognized. We present a series of 7 genital herpes zoster cases diagnosed in our Unit of Sexually Transmitted Diseases.

451) Giant Cell Arteritis

Is an inflammation of the lining of your arteries. Most often, it affects the arteries in your head, especially those in your temples. For this reason, giant cell arteritis is sometimes called temporal arteritis. Signs and symptoms of giant cell arteritis include: Persistent, severe head pain, usually in your temple area. Scalp tenderness. Jaw pain when you chew or open your mouth wide. Fever. Fatigue. Unintended weight loss. Vision loss or double vision, particularly in people who also have jaw pain.

452) Glomerulonephritis

Is inflammation of the glomeruli, which are structures in your kidneys that are made up of tiny blood vessels. These knots of vessels help filter your blood and remove excess fluids. If your glomeruli are damaged, your kidneys will stop working properly, and you can go into kidney failure. The symptoms of glomerulonephritis: Fatigue. High blood pressure. Swelling of the face, hands, feet, and belly. Blood and protein in the urine (hematuria and proteinuria. Decreased urine output.

453) Glomerulonephritis Membranoproliferative

(MPGN) is a form of glomerulonephritis caused by an abnormal immune response. Deposits of antibodies build up in a part of the kidneys called the glomerular basement membrane. This membrane helps filter wastes and extra fluids from the blood.

454) Glomerulonephritis Membranous

Occurs when the small blood vessels in the kidney (glomeruli), which filter wastes from the blood, become damaged and thickened. As a result, proteins leak from the damaged blood vessels into the urine (proteinuria). Signs and symptoms of membranous nephropathy include: Swelling in the legs and ankles. Weight gain. Fatigue. Poor appetite. Urine that looks foamy. High cholesterol. Increased protein in the urine (proteinuria) Decreased protein in the blood, particularly albumin.

455) Glomerulonephritis Rapidly Progressive

(RPGN) is a clinical syndrome manifested by features of glomerular disease in the urinalysis and by progressive loss of kidney function over a comparatively short period of time (days, weeks, or a few months). Most types of RPGN are characterized by severe and rapid loss of kidney function with marked hematuria; red blood cell casts in the urine; and proteinuria sometimes exceeding three grams in twenty-four hours, a range associated with nephrotic syndrome. Some patients also experience hypertension and edema.

456) Glossopharyngeal Nerve Paralysis

Is paralysis of the ninth cranial nerve. Clinical features include: loss of sensation – tested by the gag reflex. loss of taste sensation on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue. Symptoms include severe pain in areas connected to the ninth cranial nerve: Back of the nose and throat (nasopharynx). Back of the tongue. Ear.Throat. Tonsil area. Voice box (larynx)

457) Glucose Transporter Type 1 Deficiency Syndrome

Glut1DS) is a rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by deficiency of a protein that is required for glucose (a simple sugar) to cross the blood-brain barrier and other tissue barriers. Signs and symptoms including mental and motor developmental delays, infantile seizures refractory to anticonvulsants, ataxia, dystonia, dysarthria, opsoclonus, spasticity, other paroxysmal neurologic phenomena and sometimes deceleration of head growth also known as microcephaly.

458) Glutamate Dehydrogenase Increased

Is a mitochondrial enzyme that reversibly converts glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate as part of the urea cycle. GLDH activity increases with liver injury and the magnitude of elevation may be higher and longer lasting when compared to ALT.

459) Glycocholic Acid Increased

Is one of the bile acids involved in the emulsification of fats and cholestasis. At this point, the level of glycocholic acid in urine was increased. Cholic acid is also one of major primary bile acids produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine.

460) Gm2 Gangliosidosis

Is a rare genetic disorder that progressively destroys nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. The most common form of the disease typically presents in infancy, but various other forms can present in childhood, adolescence, or even adulthood.

461) Goodpasture’s Syndrome

Is a rare disorder in which your body mistakenly makes antibodies that attack the lungs and kidneys. Generalized symptoms like malaise, weight loss, fatigue, fever, and chills are also common, as are joint aches and pains. Generalized symptoms like malaise, weight loss, fatigue, fever, and chills are also common, as are joint aches and pains.

462) Graft Thrombosis

Thrombosis, on the other hand, is a medical term used to refer to the formation of blood cloth. Thus, an arteriovenous graft thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside the arteriovenous graft. An AV fistula is made using the patient’s own arteries and veins to create a conduit for the dialysis procedure. Symptoms of an arteriovenous graft thrombosis include a reduced amount of blood flowing through the tube. Normally, patients will feel the blood rushing through the tube as well as hear a rumbling sound. These are signs of good blood flow through the fistula or graft.

463) Granulocytopenia

Is defined as a decrease of peripheral blood granulocytes below lower limit of normal range. Patients with severe granulocytopenia – agranulocytosis exhibit < 0.5 × 109/l granulocytes in peipheral blood. Having very low levels of granulocytes in the blood can lead to serious or life-threatening infections. Signs and symptoms of agranulocytosis include fever, chills, weakness, sore throat, sores in the mouth or throat, bleeding gums, bone pain, low blood pressure, fast heartbeat, and trouble breathing.

464) Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis

Is an uncommon disorder that causes inflammation of the blood vessels in your nose, sinuses, throat, lungs and kidneys. Formerly called Wegener’s granulomatosis, this condition is one of a group of blood vessel disorders called vasculitis. It slows blood flow to some of your organs.

465) Granulomatous Dermatitis

Is a rare disease that clinically presents with a pruritic and painful rash revealing symmetric, erythematous, and violaceous plaques over the lateral trunk, buttocks, and thighs. Fewer than 70 cases have been documented in the literature. The features of interstitial granulomatous dermatitis are variable. The shape of the lesions may be round, annular or cord-like. Lesions wax and wane, and may vary in size and shape over days to months. They are usually symptomless, but some patients complain of mild itch or burning sensation.

466) Grey Matter Heterotopia

Is a malformation of cortical development, where cortical cells (grey matter) are present in inappropriate locations in the brain, due to interruption in their migration to their correct location in the cerebral cortex. Grey matter heterotopia (GMH) can cause of seizures and are associated with a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders and syndromes. They are caused by a failure of neuronal migration during fetal development, leading to clusters of neurons that have not reached their final destination in the cerebral cortex.

467) Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Is a rare, autoimmune disorder in which a person’s own immune system damages the nerves, causing muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis. GBS can cause symptoms that last for a few weeks to several years. Most people recover fully, but some have permanent nerve damage. The symptoms of GBS: Difficulty with eye muscles and vision. Difficulty swallowing, speaking, or chewing. Pricking or pins and needles sensations in the hands and feet. Pain that can be severe, particularly at night. Coordination problems and unsteadiness. Abnormal heart beat/rate or blood pressure.

468) Haemolytic Anaemia

Is a disorder in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made. The destruction of red blood cells is called hemolysis. Red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of your body. If you have a lower than normal amount of red blood cells, you have anemia. Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Signs and Symptoms: Chills. Fast heartbeat, known as tachycardia. Pale skin that may start to yellow. Shortness of breath. Weakness and fatigue. Chest pain. Yellow skin or whites of the eyes (jaundice). Dark urine.

469) Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Is a rare disease that usually occurs in infants and young children. It may also occur in adults. Children usually inherit the disease. In adults, many different conditions, including infections and cancer, can cause HLH. The symptoms of HLH: Enlargement of your liver. Swollen lymph nodes. Skin rashes. Jaundice (yellow color of your skin and eyes). Lung problems, including coughing and difficulty breathing. Digestive problems, including stomachache, vomiting, and diarrhea.

470) Haemorrhage

Loss of blood from damaged blood vessels. A hemorrhage may be internal or external, and usually involves a lot of bleeding in a short time. The main symptoms of a subarachnoid haemorrhage include: a sudden severe headache unlike anything you’ve experienced before, a stiff neck, feeling and being sick, sensitivity to light (photophobia), blurred or double vision, stroke-like symptoms – such as slurred speech and weakness on one side of the body.

471) Haemorrhagic Ascites

Was defined as an ascitic fluid red blood cell (RBC) count ≥ 10,000/μl. We compared each patient with 3 age and gender-matched controls (cirrhotic patients with ascites and an ascitic RBC count <10,000/μl). Hemorrhagic ascites usually is associated with malignancies (hepatocellular carcinoma, peritoneal carcinomatosis), tuberculosis, or trauma. When secondary to tumor, the prognosis is particularly grim.

472) Hemorrhagic Disorder

Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels. Symptoms of bleeding disorders may include: Easy bruising. Bleeding gums. Heavy bleeding from small cuts or dental work. Unexplained nosebleeds. Heavy menstrual bleeding. Bleeding into joints. Excessive bleeding following surgery.

473) Hemorrhagic Pneumonia

Refers to a descriptive term for pneumonia (infective – inflammatory consolidation of the lung) that is complicated by pulmonary hemorrhage. It can be localized or diffuse to varying degrees depending on the extent of involvement +/- etiological agent.

474) Haemorrhagic Varicella Syndrome

Is a serious complication of a relatively benign disorder and usually occurs in immunocompromised persons and those on immunosuppressive therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of hemorrhagic varicella associated with chronic liver disease in Indian literature.

475) Hemorrhagic Vasculitis

Vasculitis involves inflammation of the blood vessels. The inflammation can cause the walls of the blood vessels to thicken, which reduces the width of the passageway through the vessel. If blood flow is restricted, it can result in organ and tissue damage. There are many types of vasculitis, and most of them are rare.

476) Hantavirus Pulmonary Infection

(HPS) is a severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease in humans caused by infection with hantaviruses. Anyone who comes into contact with rodents that carry hantaviruses is at risk of HPS. Rodent infestation in and around the home remains the primary risk for hantavirus exposure.

477) Hashimoto’s   Encephalopathy

(HE) is an uncommon syndrome associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). “Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis” (SREAT) and a more general term, “nonvasculitic autoimmune meningoencephalitis,” are also used to describe this condition. Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE) affects the brain and how the brain works. Symptoms of HE may include behavior changes, confusion, cognitive difficulty, and seizures . Psychosis, including visual hallucinations and paranoid delusions, has also been reported.

478) Hashitoxicosis

Which can be abbreviated “Htx”, is a transient hyperthyroidism caused by inflammation associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis disturbing the thyroid follicles, resulting in excess release of thyroid hormone. These signs and symptoms might include: Presence of a hard but painless goiter. Sweating. Tremoring hands. Increased appetite. Difficulty sleeping. Weight loss. Fatigue. Intolerance to heat.

479) Hemimegalencephaly

Is a rare neurological condition in which one-half of the brain, or one side of the brain, is abnormally larger than the other. Children with hemimegalencephaly often have: Large, asymmetrical heads. Seizures. Partial paralysis. Problems with cognitive development.

480) Henoch-Schonlein  Purpura

Is a disorder that causes the small blood vessels in your skin, joints, intestines and kidneys to become inflamed and bleed. The most striking feature of this form of vasculitis is a purplish rash, typically on the lower legs and buttocks. HSP is an autoimmune disease that is often triggered by an upper respiratory infection. Symptoms include a rash caused by bleeding under the skin, arthritis, belly pain, and kidney disease. Most children recover fully. But some children may have kidney problems.

481) Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis

Is a rare kidney disease leading to chronic kidney disease in a non-negligible percentage of patients. Symptoms: Rash (purpura). Reddish-purple spots that look like bruises develop on the buttocks, legs and feet. Swollen, sore joints (arthritis). People with Henoch-Schonlein purpura often have pain and swelling around the joints — mainly in the knees and ankles. Digestive tract symptoms. Kidney involvement.

482) Hepaplastin Abnormal

A condition of arrested development in which an organ or part remains below the normal size or in an immature state. Babies born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome usually are seriously ill soon after birth. Signs and symptoms include: Grayish-blue skin color (cyanosis) Rapid, difficult breathing.

483) Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

(HIT) is a clinicopathological syndrome that occurs when heparin dependent IgG antibodies bind to heparin/platelet factor 4 complexes to activate platelets and produce a hypercoagulable state. The Symptoms of HIT：Skin tenderness. Swelling. Skin that’s warm to the touch. Shortness of breath. Change in heart rate. Sharp pain in your chest. Dizziness. Anxiety.

484) Hepatic Amyloidosis

Is usually characterised by amyloid deposits in the liver parenchyma along the sinusoids within the spaces of disse or within the blood vessel walls. As a result of extensive compression of hepatocytes by the amyloid deposits there may be atrophy of hepatocyte. The clinical manifestations of hepatic amyloidosis are usually mild and frequently include hepatomegaly, and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and other liver chemistries. In rare cases, portal hypertension, hepatic rupture, or hepatorenal failure are seen

485) Hepatic Artery Embolism

Is a therapy to treat liver tumors by blocking their blood supply. Because liver tumors thrive on highly oxygenated blood from the hepatic artery, blocking that supply may kill it.

486) Hepatic Artery Thrombosis

Occurs when a blood clot forms in the artery that provides blood flow to the liver. Hepatic artery thrombosis may occur as a complication after liver transplantation, and represents the most common complication of liver transplantation.

487) Hepatic Enzyme Abnormal

If you have high levels of liver enzymes in your blood, you have elevated liver enzymes. High liver enzyme levels may be temporary, or they may be a sign of a medical condition like hepatitis or liver disease. Certain medications can also cause elevated liver enzymes.

488) Hepatic Enzyme Decreased

Usually, this means the liver is healthy. However, a patient may have normal liver enzymes levels but still have liver damage.

489) Hepatic Enzyme Increased

Definition. Elevated liver enzymes often indicate inflammation or damage to cells in the liver. Inflamed or injured liver cells leak higher than normal amounts of certain chemicals, including liver enzymes, into the bloodstream, elevating liver enzymes on blood tests.

490) Hepatic Fibrosis Marker Abnormal

Liver fibrosis markers are typically divided into indirect and direct markers of fibrogenesis and fibrinolysis. Indirect markers of hepatic fibrosis include biochemical tests that reflect alterations in hepatic function such as bilirubin, AST, ALT, GGT and platelet count.

491) Hepatic Fibrosis Marker Increased

The N-terminal pro-peptide of collagen type III (PIIINP) is the most widely studied marker of liver fibrosis. It is useful to detect cirrhosis with a sensitivity of about 94% and specificity of about 81%, which can be increased up to 93% if combined with additional serum markers.

492) Hepatic Function Abnormal

If you have high levels of liver enzymes in your blood, you have elevated liver enzymes. High liver enzyme levels may be temporary, or they may be a sign of a medical condition like hepatitis or liver disease. Certain medications can also cause elevated liver enzymes.

493) Hydrothorax

Refers to the presence of a pleural effusion (usually >500 mL) in a patient with cirrhosis who does not have other reasons to have a pleural effusion (eg, cardiac, pulmonary, or pleural disease) [1-3]. Hepatic hydrothorax occurs in approximately 5 to 15 percent of patients with cirrhosis. The presenting symptoms and signs of hepatic hydrothorax are related to direct compression of the adjacent lung. These include cough, shortness of breath, hypoxemia, chest pain and fatigue.

494) Hepatic Hypertrophy

Definition of The liver hypertrophy. In this document, the liver hypertrophy is defined as a morphological enlargement of hepatocytes (hepatocellular hypertrophy), resulting in an increase in the organ weight, which is caused by enhanced hepatocellular function in response to an extrinsic factor.

495) Hepatic Hypoperfusion

Hepatocytes hypoperfusion that causes liver cell injury is classified as “ischemic hepatitis” resulting from hemodynamic instability and inadequate blood flow due to reduced hepatic arterial flow and/or passive venous congestion (e.g. Heart failure) and “hypoxic hepatitis” that results from hypoxic insults such as respiratory failure, this condition is also termed “hypoxic hepatopathy” .

496) Hepatic Lymphocytic Infiltration

Is a rare skin condition that may be characterized by non-cancerous (benign) buildup of white blood cells, which present as lesions or lumps on the skin.

497) Hepatic Mass

It can be caused by long term oral contraception use or synthetic testosterone use. Hepatic adenomas can sometimes cause discomfort in the abdomen. About 5% of them will transform into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)—a type of liver cancer.

498) Hepatic Pain

Pain in your liver itself can feel like a dull throbbing pain or a stabbing sensation in your right upper abdomen just under your ribs. General abdominal pain and discomfort can also be related to swelling from fluid retention and enlargement of your spleen and liver caused by cirrhosis.

499) Hepatic Sequestration

Hepatic sequestration crisis occurs when a patient with sickle cell disease acutely sequesters large numbers of red blood cells in the liver. Less than 20 cases have been reported in the literature. Hepatic sequestration crisis is not common and it is caused by obstruction of the blood flow from the liver sinusoids by the sickled red blood cells leading to compression of the bile ducts. This will lead to pooling of blood within the liver leading to acute hepatic enlargement.

500) Hepatic Vascular Resistance Increased

Increased intrahepatic vascular resistance, especiallv due to obstruction and stenoses of the intrahepatic hepatic vein, has been thought to be most important; however, the exact localization of increased vascular resistance is not known.

501) Hepatic Vascular Thrombosis

(HVT) is an obstruction in the hepatic veins of the liver caused by a blood clot. This condition blocks the drainage system of your liver, impeding blood flow back to your heart. Without proper blood flow, your liver stops getting the fresh oxygen it needs to function.

502) Hepatic Vein Embolism

(Budd-Chiari syndrome) is a common site of thrombosis in PNH and may be fatal without appropriate therapy. The clinical manifestations of hepatic vein thrombosis include abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, jaundice, ascites, and weight gain.

503) Hepatic Vein Thrombosis

Is an obstruction in the hepatic veins of the liver caused by a blood clot. This condition blocks the drainage system of your liver, impeding blood flow back to your heart. Without proper blood flow, your liver stops getting the fresh oxygen it needs to function. Symptoms of HVT: nausea and vomiting, vomiting blood, unexplained weight loss, enlarged spleen, swelling of lower limbs, abdominal pain (mainly in the upper right part of your abdomen), jaundice (yellowing of your skin and eyes).

504) Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient Abnormal

The normal HVPG value is between 1 to 5 mmHg. Pressure higher than this defines the presence of portal hypertension, regardless of clinical evidence. HVPG >or= 10 mmHg (termed clinically significant portal hypertension) is predictive of the development of complications of cirrhosis, including death.

505) Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient Increased

Measurement is the best available method to evaluate the presence and severity of portal hypertension. Clinically significant portal hypertension is defined as an increase in HVPG to >10 mmHg. In this condition, the complications of portal hypertension might begin to appear.

506) Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver — is a condition that can be caused by a number of factors, though often viral infections are the cause. A number of hepatitis viruses — A, B, C, D and E — are common causes of hepatitis, but they have been ruled out in these cases. When signs and symptoms are present, they may include jaundice, along with fatigue, nausea, fever and muscle aches. Acute symptoms appear one to three months after exposure to the virus and last two weeks to three months

507) Hepatobiliary Scan Abnormal

If your scan was “abnormal,” it likely means your images revealed one of the following: An infection. This may be a sign of a blockage or a problem with your liver. Not present. If there are no signs of radioactive tracer in your gallbladder on the images, this may be a sign of acute gallbladder inflammation, or acute cholecystitis. Low gallbladder ejection fraction.

508) Hepatomegaly

An enlarged liver is one that’s bigger than normal. The medical term is hepatomegaly (hep-uh-toe-MEG-uh-le). Rather than a disease, an enlarged liver is a sign of an underlying problem, such as liver disease, congestive heart failure or cancer. The signs and symptoms of hepatomegaly: jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and eyes, muscle aches, fatigue, itching, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or mass, poor appetite.

509) Hepatosplenomegaly

Is a disorder where both the liver and spleen swell beyond their normal size, due to one of a number of causes. The name of this condition — hepatosplenomegaly — comes from the two words that comprise it: hepatomegaly: swelling or enlargement of the liver. Symptoms: abdominal pain in the upper-right region, tenderness in the right region of the abdomen, nausea and vomiting, swelling of the abdomen, fever, persistent itching, jaundice, indicated by yellow eyes and skin, brown urine.

510) Hereditary Angioedema With C1 Esterase Inhibitor Deficiency

Is an autosomal-dominant disease resulting from a mutation in the C1-inhibitor gene. Although HAE is an inherited disorder, 25% of cases arise from spontaneous mutations. HAE-C1-INH is characterized by recurrent attacks of marked, diffuse, nonpitting and nonpruritic skin swellings, painful abdominal attacks, and laryngeal edema.

511) Herpes Dermatitis

It can be transmitted from one person to another via physical contact. The virus can remain dormant for years and become active again causing rashes on the skin. Herpes commonly affects the lips and genital areas. In both herpes and dermatitis herpetiformis, the lesions arise in small groups.

Symptoms include thick, scaly, red patches of skin across the body. Unlike herpes, dermatitis can occur anywhere on the body. Contact dermatitis will likely go away after exposure to the irritant has stopped and the skin is cleaned with a mild soap.

512) Herpes Gestationis

Also known as pemphigoid gestationis, is a rare, autoimmune, bullous disease that occurs during the second or third trimester, but it has been reported in the first trimester. It flares at delivery and usually resolves spontaneously over weeks or months after delivery.

513) Herpes Oesophagitis

Esophagitis is inflammation and irritation of the esophagus, and herpes esophagitis is a rare type that results from an HSV infection. The condition usually develops in people with weakened immune systems. Treatment involves antiviral medications and avoiding foods and other substances that trigger symptoms.

514) Herpes Ophthalmic

Commonly known as shingles, is a viral disease characterized by a unilateral painful skin rash in one or more dermatome distributions of the fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve), shared by the eye and ocular adnexa. The problem may be caused by herpes zoster ophthalmicus if your doctor finds some or all of these symptoms: Pain in and around only one eye.Redness, rash or sores on the eyelids and around the eyes, especially on the forehead (and sometime on the tip of the nose).Redness of the eye. Swelling and cloudiness of the cornea.

515) Herpes Pharyngitis

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) commonly causes the well-known “cold sore.” HSV can also cause exudative or nonexudative pharyngitis, mainly in older children and young adults. Sore throat may be accompanied by sore mouth with associated gingivostomatitis. Other symptoms include fever, myalgia, malaise, inability to eat, and irritability.

516) Herpes Sepsis

For HSV-sepsis, the high mortality is largely due to the non-specific clinical presentation, lack of awareness, delay in diagnosis and therapy.

517) Herpes Simplex

Herpes simplex virus infection causes recurring episodes of small, painful, fluid-filled blisters on the skin, mouth, lips (cold sores), eyes, or genitals.  Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) hepatitis is rare and accounts for only 1% of all acute liver failures.

518) Herpes Simplex Cervicitis

May involve the exocervix or endocervix, and it may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Usually, the cervix appears abnormal to inspection, with diffuse vesicular lesions, ulcerative lesions, erythema, or friability. Cervicitis can result from common sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis and genital herpes. Allergic reactions. An allergy, either to contraceptive spermicides or to latex in condoms, may lead to cervicitis.

519) Herpes Simplex Colitis

Is a rare but potentially fatal complication of immunosuppressive treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Prompt diagnosis and efficient antiviral therapy are mandatory to improve prognosis. Symptoms of HSV colitis are not specific and do not differ considerably from colitis caused by other agents. Watery diarrhoea with addition of blood, crampy abdominal pain, fever, arthralgia, nausea, loss of appetite and loss of weight can be found.

520) Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

(HSE) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). Common symptoms include headaches, fevers, drowsiness, hyperactivity, and/or general weakness. (HSE) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). Common symptoms include headaches, fevers, drowsiness, hyperactivity, and/or general weakness.

521) Herpes Simplex Gastritis

Gastric infection with herpes simplex virus is rare, with only two cases previously reported. At the time of the previous reports, the virus could not be cultured, and the diagnosis was based on histological findings.

522) Herpes Simplex Hepatitis

Is a rare complication of herpes simplex virus (HSV), often leading to acute liver failure (ALF), liver transplantation (LT), and/or death. Our aim was to identify variables associated with either survival or progression (death/LT), based on an analysis of cases in the literature and our institution. Presents with anicteric transaminitis, fever, leukopenia, and flu-like symptoms. It most frequently affects immunocompromised patients.

523) Herpes Simplex Meningitis

Is a type of viral meningitis that results from infection with a herpes virus. The condition causes swelling of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, which are called the meninges. Meningitis is the medical term for inflammation of the meninges. Symptoms may include fever, light sensitivity, headache, and a stiff neck. If you have other symptoms, such as confusion, seizures, sleepiness, or a focal neurologic deficit—a nerve function problem that affects a specific area — these may suggest that your brain is also affected.

524) Herpes Simplex Meningoencephalitis

Is an infection of the brain and brain covering (meninges) caused by the herpes simplex virus. It is a medical emergency that requires treatment right away. The symptoms of herpes meningoencephalitis: Headache. Fever. Neck stiffness. Sensitivity to light. Seizures. Trouble thinking clearly. Personality changes. Hallucinations, visual and auditory.

525) Herpes Simplex Meningomyelitis

Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) may cause encephalomyelitis in immune competent adults. We report two patients infected by the virus. The symptoms of herpes meningoencephalitis: Headache. Fever. Neck stiffness. Sensitivity to light. Seizures. Trouble thinking clearly. Personality changes. Hallucinations, visual and auditory.

526) Herpes Simplex Necrotising Retinopathy

The retinal lesions of ARN are white-yellow patches of necrotizing retinitis that usually first appear in the far or midperiphery. With time, these patches become larger, increase in number, and coalesce. Without antiviral therapy, full-thickness necrosis of the entire peripheral retina will result. Patients present with rapid painful hazy vision, floaters and peripheral visual loss. 3, 4, 6, 10 Clinically, acute retinal necrosis appears as full thickness opaque yellow-white necrotic lesion(s) initially outside of the vascular arcades with significant intraocular inflammation.

527) Herpes Simplex Oesophagitis

Is a viral infection of the esophagus. It’s caused by the herpes simplex virus. Type 1 and type 2 can both cause herpes esophagitis, although herpes type 1 is more common. Still, herpes esophagitis isn’t very common in healthy people.

528) Herpes Simplex Otitis Externa

Is inflammation of the external auditory canal caused by herpes simplex virus. There are currently no drugs listed for “Herpes Simplex Otitis Externa”. The most common cause of otitis externa is a bacterial infection, although fungal overgrowth is a principal cause in 10 percent of cases. 4 Otitis externa can also result from any of a broad range of noninfectious dermatologic processes.

529) Herpes Simplex Pharyngitis

Is caused by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. This infection is commonly observed in children and young adults. HSV may cause gingivitis or stomatitis. A sore throat with associated gingivostomatitis is the typical presenting symptom. A sore throat with associated gingivostomatitis is the typical presenting symptom. Other associated symptoms include fever, odynophagia, myalgia and malaise.

530) Herpes Simplex Pneumonia

Is rare and is usually seen in immunocompromised patients. Patients with hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) are at risk. Most of the cases of HSV pneumonia are caused by HSV-1; however, cases caused by HSV-2 have also been reported. Include low-grade fever, cough, dyspnea, rales, hypoxemia, tachypnea, intractable wheezing, or chest pain. Hemoptysis may also be present, secondary to tracheitis.

531) Herpes Simplex Reactivation

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) establishes a latent infection in peripheral neurons and can periodically reactivate to cause disease. Reactivation can be triggered by a variety of stimuli that activate different cellular processes to result in increased HSV lytic gene expression and production of infectious virus.

532) Herpes Simplex Sepsis

The importance of HSV-induced acute liver failure is based on its extremely severe clinical course with lethality rates of almost 75%. HSV hepatitis is just one of several clinical manifestations of HSV sepsis leading more frequently to encephalitis, pneumonia and esophagitis. Rare complications of HSV-2 include meningoencephalitis (brain infection) and disseminated infection. Rarely, HSV-1 infection can lead to more severe complications such as encephalitis (brain infection) or keratitis (eye infection).

533) Herpes Simplex Viraemia

Viremia may be associated with a variety of morbid signs and symptoms in hospitalized immunocompetent and immunocompromised adults, and is associated with high rates of mortality, though causality can only be determined by additional studies. When an outbreak is about to happen again, there may be burning, itching, or tingling near where the virus first entered the body. Pain may be felt in the lower back, buttocks, thighs, or knees. This is called a prodrome.

Herpes Simplex Virus Conjunctivitis Neonatal

A neonatal HSV infection can be devastating to an infant. 8 Most of these infections are caused by HSV-2, but 15 to 30 percent are found to be caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Most cases occur in the intrapartum period, but they may occur in utero and postnatally through contact with oral or skin lesions.

534) Herpes Simplex Visceral

HSV-1 and HSV-2 produce a wide variety of illnesses, including mucocutaneous infections, central nervous system (CNS) infections, and occasionally, infections of the visceral organs. Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is the most common cause of sporadic, fatal encephalitis in the developed world.

535) Herpes Virus Infection

The herpes simplex virus, also known as HSV, is a viral infection that causes genital and oral herpes. While herpes outbreaks can be annoying and painful, the first flare-up is usually the worst. Herpes causes outbreaks of itchy, painful blisters or sores that come and go.

536) Herpes Zoster

Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes varicella (chickenpox). Primary infection with VZV causes varicella. Once the illness resolves, the virus remains latent in the dorsal root ganglia. Shingles causes a painful rash, itching, and burning skin.

537) Herpes Zoster Cutaneous Disseminated

Is usually defined as a generalized eruption of more than 10-12 extradermatomal vesicles occurring 7-14 days after the onset of classic dermatomal herpes zoster. Typically, it is clinically indistinguishable from varicella (chickenpox). One of the classic signs of herpes zoster (HZ, or shingles) is a painful and blistering red rash that appears in a narrow band across 1 or 2 adjacent dermatomes, an area of skin that is mainly supplied by branches of a single spinal sensory nerve root.

538) Herpes Zoster Infection Neurological

Is one of the most common neurological infectious diseases and VZV the second most frequent virus causing encephalitis or meningitis [1,2,3]. It develops by reactivation of latently persistent virus in the nerve ganglia after primary infection with chickenpox. The shingles virus stays dormant in the nerve tissues. If your immune system grows weaker, the virus reactivates. As the virus becomes active, it spreads through the spinal cord nerves to the skin. These nerves convey messages of pressure, itching, and pain.

539) Herpes Zoster Meningitis

Viral meningitis caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is an uncommon neurological complication of herpes zoster. It may occur before or after the onset of the vesicular rash along the dermatomal distribution, which is the classic presentation of herpes zoster. Its clinical signs include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and meningeal irritation symptoms, such as nuchal rigidity and Kernig’s sign. Furthermore, jolt accentuation and neck flexion tests are often positive. However, these are common symptoms and findings of meningitis regardless of the cause.

540) Herpes Zoster Meningoencephalitis

Herpes meningoencephalitis is an infection of the brain and brain covering (meninges) caused by the herpes simplex virus. It is a medical emergency that requires treatment right away. Viral infections are the most common cause of meningitis, followed by bacterial infections and, rarely, fungal and parasitic infections. Because bacterial infections can be life-threatening, identifying the cause is essential.

541) Herpes Zoster Meningomyelitis

Prognosis of VZV necro-tizing meningomyelitis is extremely poor,with a median survival of 16 days. Its clinical signs include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and meningeal irritation symptoms, such as nuchal rigidity and Kernig’s sign. Furthermore, jolt accentuation and neck flexion tests are often positive. However, these are common symptoms and findings of meningitis regardless of the cause.

542) Herpes Zoster Meningoradiculitis

Among varicella zoster virus-related neurological syndromes, meningoradiculitis is an ill-defined condition for which clear management guidelines are still lacking. Zoster paresis is usually considered to be a varicella zoster virus-peripheral nervous system complication and treated with oral antiviral therapy

543) Herpes Zoster Necrotising Retinopathy

The retinal lesions of ARN are white-yellow patches of necrotizing retinitis that usually first appear in the far or midperiphery. With time, these patches become larger, increase in number, and coalesce. Without antiviral therapy, full-thickness necrosis of the entire peripheral retina will result.

544) Herpes Zoster Oticus

Is a rare type of shingles — a viral infection of a nerve that causes a painful rash on the face including the ear. It’s caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms: Ear pain which can start before you see a rash. Hearing loss. Ringing in the ear. Vertigo. Nausea/vomiting.

545) Herpes Zoster Reactivation

Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes varicella (chickenpox). Primary infection with VZV causes varicella. Once the illness resolves, the virus remains latent in the dorsal root ganglia. The rash is usually painful, itchy, or tingly. These symptoms may precede rash onset by several days. Some people may also have headache, photophobia (sensitivity to bright light), and malaise in the prodromal phase. The rash develops into clusters of vesicles.

546) Herpetic Radiculopathy

A common cause of radiculopathy is narrowing of the space where nerve roots exit the spine, which can be a result of stenosis, bone spurs, disc herniation or other conditions. Radiculopathy symptoms can often be managed with nonsurgical treatments, but minimally invasive surgery can also help some patients.

547) Histone Antibody Positive

Results of histone antibody testing consider several factors. A positive result means that a person likely has drug-induced lupus if the person also has: Symptoms associated with lupus. Been taking a drug, especially one associated with the condition, for several weeks to a couple of years.

548) Hoigne’s Syndrome

Is an acute, toxic, nonallergic reaction to the intramuscular administration of aqueous penicillin G procaine. The reaction is to the procaine and not to the penicillin component. The complex of short-lasting symptoms characterized by severe agitation with confusion, visual and auditory hallucinations and dire fear is caused by accidental penetration of an amount of intramuscular penicillin injected into the venous system.

549) Human Herpesvirus 6 Encephalitis

Is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that commonly infects children younger than 3 years. Primary infection sometimes causes exanthema subitum, a common exanthematic disease among infants that may be accompanied by neurologic manifestations such as febrile seizures and encephalitis. The cardinal features of this syndrome include memory loss, insomnia, electroencephalographic evidence of temporal lobe seizure activity, MRI signal intensity abnormalities of the mesial temporal lobe, and the syndrome of inappropriate release of antidiuretic hormone.

550) Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection

Is a herpesvirus that causes roseola infantum (or exanthema subitum [sixth disease]) in infants and children. Infection is nearly ubiquitous by age 2 years. Management of HHV-6 infection in immunocompetent hosts is supportive. HHV-6B infects nearly 100% of human beings, typically before the age of three and often results in fever, diarrhea, sometimes with a rash known as roseola. Although rare, this initial infection HHV-6B infection can also cause febrile seizures, encephalitis or intractable seizures.

551) Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection Reactivation

HHV-6 remains latent in host cells after primary infection and can be reactivated in immunocompromised patients such as after solid-organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The majority of HHV-6 infections in these patients are asymptomatic.

552) Human Herpesvirus 7 Infection

(HHV-7) was discovered in 1989 as a new member of the beta-herpesvirus subfamily. Primary infection occurs early in life and manifests as exanthema subitum, or other febrile illnesses mimicking measles and rubella. HHV-7 infection also leads to or is associated with a number of other symptoms, including acute febrile respiratory disease, fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, low lymphocyte counts, and febrile seizures, though most often no symptoms present at all.

553) Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection

Most individuals latently infected with HHV-8 are asymptomatic. Immunocompetent children and organ transplant recipients infected with HHV-8 may develop a primary infection syndrome consisting of fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, bone marrow failure, and occasional rapid progression to KS.

554) Hyperammonaemia

Hyperammonaemia is the excessive accumulation of ammonia in the blood, which can result in moderate to severe neurological impairment and cerebral oedema. characterized by excess ammonia in the blood, can be a life-threatening condition. Clinical symptoms are nonspecific, and include poor feeding, lethargy, irritability, tachypnea, seizures, obtundation, and respiratory insufficiency.

555) Hyperbilirubinaemia

Higher-than-normal amount of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a substance formed when red blood cells break down. The symptoms of hyperbilirubinemia in a newborn: Yellowing of your baby’s skin and the whites of his or her eyes. This often starts on a baby’s face and moves down his or her body. Poor feeding. Lack of energy.

556) Hypercholia

A condition in which an abnormally large amount of bile is formed in the liver.

557) Hypergammaglobulinaemia Benign Monoclonal

Is an uncommon condition that is usually the result of an infection, autoimmune disorder, or malignancy such as multiple myeloma. It’s characterized by elevated levels of immunoglobulins in your blood. Benign monoclonal gammopathy is an abnormal clonal disorder of plasma cells. Also known as monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS), benign monoclonal gammopathy is, by definition, an asymptomatic condition.

558) Hyperglycaemic Seizure

Represent a clinical condition with high blood glucose levels, normal or increased serum osmolality, and negative urine ketone bodies. However, hyperglycemia is not the only causative factor for seizures. A diabetic seizure occurs when the sugar levels in the blood are extremely low (below 30 mg/dL). The brain needs glucose to function properly. When there is a drop in blood sugar, the actions of the neurons in the brain decrease and the person experiences a seizure.

559) Hypersensitivity

Also called hypersensitivity reaction or intolerance) refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. They are usually referred to as an over-reaction of the immune system and these reactions may be damaging and uncomfortable. The symptoms of hypersensitivity syndrome: a pink or red rash with or without pus-filled bumps or blisters, scaly, flaky skin, fever, facial swelling, swollen or tender lymph nodes, swollen saliva glands, dry mouth, abnormalities in your white blood cell counts.

560) Hypersensitivity Vasculitis

Is an extreme reaction to a drug, infection, or foreign substance. It leads to inflammation and damage to blood vessels, mainly in the skin. The term is not used much currently because more specific names are considered more precise. Symptoms: New rash with tender, purple or brownish-red spots over large areas. Skin sores mostly located on the legs, buttocks, or trunk. Blisters on the skin. Hives (urticaria), may last longer than 24 hours. Open sores with dead tissue (necrotic ulcers)

561) Hyperthyroidism

(overactive thyroid) occurs when your thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine. Hyperthyroidism can accelerate your body’s metabolism, causing unintentional weight loss and a rapid or irregular heartbeat. Several treatments are available for hyperthyroidism. Symptoms: a rapid heartbeat, weight loss, increased appetite and anxiety.

562) Hypertransaminasaemia

Refers to having high levels of certain liver enzymes called transaminases. When you have too many enzymes in your liver, they start to move into your blood stream. Symptoms of Transaminitis: Loss of appetite. Nausea. Vomiting. Weakness.Tiredness. Stomach pain or fullness. Yellow color of the skin or whites of the eyes called jaundice. Urine that is dark or looks like tea.

563) Hyperventilation

Is rapid or deep breathing, usually caused by anxiety or panic. This overbreathing, as it is sometimes called, may actually leave you feeling breathless. When you breathe, you inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. The symptoms of hyperventilation: Feeling lightheaded, dizzy, weak, or not able to think straight. Feeling as if you can’t catch your breath. Chest pain or fast and pounding heartbeat. Belching or bloating. Dry mouth. Muscle spasms in the hands and feet. Numbness and tingling in the arms or around the mouth. Problems sleeping. 

564) Hypoalbuminaemia

Is a condition where your body doesn’t produce enough albumin protein that’s responsible for keeping fluid in your blood vessels. Hypoalbuminemia decreases the total protein concentration in blood plasma, also known as the colloid osmotic pressure, which causes fluid to exit the blood vessels into tissues to equalize the concentrations.

565) Hypocalcaemic Seizure

Hypocalcemia-induced seizures, in particular, have attracted much clinical attention. These seizures likely occur in patients with predisposing endocrinological abnormalities or renal insufficiency with overall poor calcium homeostasis. Clinical presentation: numbness and tingling of the fingers, toes, and circumoral region. Muscle cramping, stiffness. Carpopedal spasm, tetany (flexor spasms in the arms and extensor spasms in the legs). Laryngeal stridor. Tremor and chorea (may be misdiagnosed as seizures). Seizures.

566) Hypogammaglobulinaemia

Is defined as reduced serum immunoglobulin (antibody) levels. Hypogammaglobulinemia is a problem with the immune system that prevents it from making enough antibodies called immunoglobulins. Which symptoms you or your child has will depend on what infections you get, but they can include:coughing, sore throat, fever, ear pain, congestion, sinus pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.

567) Hypoglossal Nerve Paralysis

The hypoglossal nerve can be damaged at the hypoglossal nucleus (nuclear), above the hypoglossal nucleus (supranuclear), or interrupted at the motor axons (infranuclear). Such damage causes paralysis, fasciculations (as noted by a scalloped appearance of the tongue), and eventual atrophy of the tongue muscles. Signs of hypoglossal nerve palsy (HNP) encompass deviation of the tongue to the affected side, absence of power and movement on the same side, fasciculations, and at a later stage atrophy. Most patients complain of dysarthria, while a few patients complain of eating difficulties.

568) Hypoglossal Nerve Paresis

Damage to the hypoglossal nerve causes paralysis of the tongue. Usually, one side of the tongue is affected, and when the person sticks out his or her tongue, it deviates or points toward the side that is damaged. The tongue is first observed for position and appearance while it is at rest.

569) Hypoglycaemic Seizure

Epileptic seizures in relation to hypoglycemia are rare. In this study of a large number of patients with hypoglycemia, a notably low frequency of seizures was noticed. This indicates that the risk of seizures in association with low blood glucose levels seems to be low.

570) Hyponatraemic Seizure

Severe and rapidly evolving hyponatremia may cause seizures, which are usually generalized tonic-clonic, and generally occur if the plasma sodium concentration rapidly decreases to <115 mEq/L.

571) Hypotension

Also known as low blood pressure, is a blood pressure under 90/60 mm/Hg. In many people, it has no symptoms. When it does cause symptoms, these are usually unpleasant or disruptive, including dizziness, fainting and more. Low blood pressure (hypotension): lightheadedness or dizziness, feeling sick, blurred vision, generally feeling weak, confusion, fainting.

572) Hypotensive Crisis

Also known as low blood pressure, is a blood pressure under 90/60 mm/Hg. In many people, it has no symptoms. When it does cause symptoms, these are usually unpleasant or disruptive, including dizziness, fainting and more. Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive crisis that may be life-threatening may include: Severe chest pain. Severe headache, accompanied by confusion and blurred vision. Nausea and vomiting. Severe anxiety. Shortness of breath. Seizures. Unresponsiveness.

573) Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome

Is a condition of the hand in which the blood flow to the fingers is reduced. Hypothenar refers to the group of muscles that control the movement of the little finger. Some of these muscles make up the fleshy edge of the palm (hypothenar eminence). A pain over hypothenar eminence and ring finger, pins and needles (paresthesia), loss of sensation, and difficulty holding heavy objects in the affected hand. The fingers become sensitive to cold and they change colour.

574) Hypothyroidism

Is a common condition where the thyroid doesn’t create and release enough thyroid hormone into your bloodstream. This makes your metabolism slow down. Also called underactive thyroid, hypothyroidism can make you feel tired, gain weight and be unable to tolerate cold temperatures. Hypothyroidism signs and symptoms may include: Fatigue. Increased sensitivity to cold. Constipation. Dry skin. Weight gain. Puffy face. Hoarseness. Muscle weakness.

575) Hypoxia

Is a state in which oxygen is not available in sufficient amounts at the tissue level to maintain adequate homeostasis; this can result from inadequate oxygen delivery to the tissues either due to low blood supply or low oxygen content in the blood (hypoxemia). Having low oxygen levels in your tissues is called hypoxia. They include: Headache. Shortness of breath.Fast heartbeat. Coughing. Wheezing. Confusion.Bluish color in skin, fingernails, and lips.

576) Idiopathic Cd4 Lymphocytopenia

(ICL) is a rare condition characterized by an unexplained deficit of circulating CD4 T cells leading to increased risk of serious opportunistic infections. The pathogenesis, etiology, clinical presentation, and best treatment options remain unclear.

577) Idiopathic Generalised Epilepsy

(IGE) is a group of epileptic disorders that are believed to have a strong underlying genetic basis. Patients with an IGE subtype are typically otherwise normal and have no structural brain abnormalities. Symptoms: Temporary confusion. A staring spell. Stiff muscles. Uncontrollable jerking movements of the arms and legs. Loss of consciousness or awareness. Psychological symptoms such as fear, anxiety or deja vu.

578) Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia

Are interstitial lung diseases that have no known cause that have some similarities in symptoms and how they affect the lungs. Some types of these diseases are much more serious than others. Symptoms and signs of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are usually nonspecific. Cough and dyspnea on exertion are typical, with variable onset and progression. Common signs include tachypnea, reduced chest expansion, bibasilar end-inspiratory dry crackles, and digital clubbing. 

579) Idiopathic Neutropenia

Is an acquired form of severe chronic neutropenia whose cause is unknown. Neutropenia is a blood condition that causes a reduced number or complete absence of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that is responsible for much of the body’s protection against infection. Symptoms include fever, moth sores, and other types of infections.

580) Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

(IPF) is a condition in which the lungs become scarred and breathing becomes increasingly difficult. It’s not clear what causes it, but it usually affects people who are around 70 to 75 years old, and is rare in people under 50. Symptoms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: shortness of breath, a persistent dry cough, tiredness, loss of appetite and weight loss, rounded and swollen fingertips (clubbed fingers).

581) Iga Nephropathy

Also known as Berger’s disease, is a kidney disease that occurs when an antibody called immunoglobulin A (IgA) builds up in your kidneys. This results in local inflammation that, over time, can hamper your kidneys’ ability to filter waste from your blood. The symptoms of IgA nephropathy: Visible blood in your urine (hematuria). Flank pain (in the sides of your back). Ankle swelling (edema). High blood pressure (hypertension). Proteinuria (having too much protein in your urine), which can cause edema (swelling) and foamy urine.

582) Igm Nephropathy

Immunoglobulin M nephropathy (IgMN) is an idiopathic glomerulonephritis characterized by a variable degree of mesangial hyper-cellularity and diffuse IgM deposits. IgM Nephropathy is an autoimmune disease that affects the filters (gomeruli) of the kidneys. IgM is an immunoglobulin, which is a part of an individual’s healthy immune system. Immunoglobulin M is an antibody produced by B cells and is normally the first antibody to respond and attack an infection in the body. Symptoms: Worsening blood pressure control. Protein in the urine. Swelling of feet, ankles, hands or eyes.Increased need to urinate. Reduced need for insulin or diabetes medicine. Confusion or difficulty concentrating. Shortness of breath. Loss of appetite.

583) Iiird Nerve Paralysis

A complete third nerve palsy causes a completely closed eyelid and deviation of the eye outward and downward. The eye cannot move inward or up, and the pupil is typically enlarged and does not react normally to light. Symptoms of Third Cranial Nerve Palsy: The affected eye turns slightly outward and downward when the unaffected eye looks straight ahead, causing double vision. The affected eye may turn inward very slowly and may move only to the middle when looking inward. It cannot move up and down.

584) Iiird Nerve Paresis

A complete third nerve palsy causes a completely closed eyelid and deviation of the eye outward and downward. The eye cannot move inward or up, and the pupil is typically enlarged and does not react normally to light. Symptoms of Third Cranial Nerve Palsy: The affected eye turns slightly outward and downward when the unaffected eye looks straight ahead, causing double vision. The affected eye may turn inward very slowly and may move only to the middle when looking inward. It cannot move up and down.

585) Liac Artery Embolism

Iliac artery thrombosis is a rare and limb-threatening condition requires urgent recognition and treatment to prevent amputation or death. Unrecognized, it can lead to limb ischemia, tissue necrosis and sepsis resulting in death. It usually arises from an embolic event.It occurs when the iliac artery that brings blood to your legs becomes narrow or blocked by plaque. Symptoms can include pain, numbness, or cramping in the lower limbs, gangrene in the feet, and erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. Common treatments for aortoiliac occlusive disease include drugs, exercise, and surgery.

586) Immune Thrombocytopenia

(ITP) is a disorder that can lead to easy or excessive bruising and bleeding. The bleeding results from unusually low levels of platelets — the cells that help blood clot. Symptoms: Easy or excessive bruising. Superficial bleeding into the skin that appears as pinpoint-sized reddish-purple spots (petechiae) that look like a rash, usually on the lower legs. Bleeding from the gums or nose. Blood in urine or stools. Unusually heavy menstrual flow.

587) Immune-Mediated Adverse Reaction

(IMARs) are most commonly gastrointestinal, respiratory, endocrine or dermatologic. Although patients’ presentations may appear similar to other types of cancer therapy, the underlying causes, and consequently their management, may differ.

588) Immune-Mediated Cholangitis

Immune-mediated cholangiopathies comprise primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and IgG4-associated cholangitis (IAC). A common feature is the progressive destruction of bile ducts leading to cholestasis with fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver over time.

589) Immune-Mediated Cholestasis

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are rare, autoimmune mediated cholestatic liver diseases. Other auto-immune diseases are often associated with PBC and PSC, and inflammatory bowel disease is present in the majority of PSC patients.

590) Immune-Mediated Cytopenia

Autoimmune cytopenias are a group of heterogeneous but closely related conditions defined by immune-mediated destruction of hematologic cell lineages, including white blood cells (neutrophils), red blood cells, and platelets. This destruction can be primary or secondary to other illnesses

591) Immune-Mediated Encephalitis

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a type of brain inflammation where the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells and tissues in the brain or spinal cord. It is a rare, complex disease that can cause rapid changes in both physical and mental health. The symptoms: Impaired memory and understanding. Unusual and involuntary movements. Involuntary movements of the face (facial dyskinesia). Difficulty with balance, speech or vision. Insomnia. Weakness or numbness. Seizures. Severe anxiety or panic attacks.

592) Immune-Mediated Encephalopathy

(AE) is a type of brain inflammation where the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells and tissues in the brain or spinal cord. It is a rare, complex disease that can cause rapid changes in both physical and mental health.

593) Immune-Mediated Endocrinopathy

Immune-mediated endocrinopathies as a consequence of treatment with checkpoint inhibitors include hypophysitis, adrenalitis, thyroiditis and diabetes mellitus. These can be life-threatening if not recognised and treated appropriately; deaths have been reported.

594) Immune-Mediated Gastritis

Autoimmune gastritis (AG) is an immune-mediated disease, restricted to oxyntic (acid-producing) mucosa in the corpus (anatomic body and fundus) of the stomach. ¹. Normally, the parietal cells in the oxyntic mucosa produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.

595) Immune-Mediated Hepatic Disorder

Immune-mediated liver diseases arise from an attack by the immune system directed against different cell types in the liver. Diverse mechanisms of these immunological processes result in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) or autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).

596) Immune-Mediated Hepatitis

Symptoms: Fatigue. Abdominal discomfort. Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice). An enlarged liver. Abnormal blood vessels on the skin (spider angiomas). Skin rashes. Joint pains. Loss of menstrual periods.

597) Immune-Mediated Hyperthyroidism

Resulting from the activity of the immune system : mediated by the immune response immune-mediated disorders The viral protein could make even uninfected cells into targets for immune-mediated killing. (overactive thyroid) occurs when your thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine. Hyperthyroidism can accelerate your body’s metabolism, causing unintentional weight loss and a rapid or irregular heartbeat. Several treatments are available for hyperthyroidism. Symptoms: Weight loss.

598) Immune-Mediated Hypothyroidism

It occurs when your body makes antibodies that attack the cells in your thyroid. The thyroid then can’t make enough of the thyroid hormone. Many people with this problem have an underactive thyroid gland. Acquired hypothyroidism, sometimes called Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, is a condition that does not allow the thyroid gland to make enough thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland is found in the neck and is shaped like a butterfly. Thyroid hormones help with energy level and help the heart, liver, kidney and skin.

599) Immune-Mediated Myocarditis

Immune-mediated myocarditis has a heterogeneous clinical presentation including reduced EF, CCF, arrhythmias, dyspnoea, palpitations, nausea, fatigue, weight loss, and/or chest pain.  Symptoms: Chest pain; Rapid or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmias); Shortness of breath, at rest or during activity; Fluid buildup with swelling of the legs, ankles and feet; Fatigue; Other signs and symptoms of a viral infection such as a headache, body aches, joint pain, fever, a sore throat or diarrhea.

600) Immune-Mediated Myositis

(IMM) is an autoimmune disease that causes rapid onset of muscle atrophy (wasting) along the topline and hindquarters. This can result in the loss of 40% of muscle mass within 48 hours that can persist for months. The disease has been identified in Quarter Horses and related breeds. Immune-mediated myopathies (IMMs) are a heterogeneous group of acquired muscle disorders characterized by muscle weakness, elevated creatine kinase levels, and myopathic electromyographic findings. Most IMMs feature the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in muscle.

601) Immune-Mediated Nephritis

Immune mediated nephropathy is one of the most serious manifestations of lupus and is characterized by severe inflammation and necrosis that, if untreated, eventually leads to renal failure. the signs and symptoms of nephritis? The symptoms of acute nephritis: pain in the pelvis, pain or a burning sensation while urinating, a frequent need to urinate, cloudy urine.

Blood or pus in the urine, pain in the kidney area or abdomen, swelling of the body, commonly in the face, legs, and feet, vomiting.

602) Immune-Mediated Neuropathy

Represent a heterogeneous spectrum of peripheral nerve disorders that can be classified according to time course, predominant involvement of motor/sensory fibers, distribution of deficits and paraclinical parameters such as electrophysiology and serum antibodies.

603) Immune-Mediated Pancreatitis

Autoimmune pancreatitis is an uncommon type of pancreatitis in which your immune system attacks healthy tissue in your pancreas. This can lead to symptoms like jaundice, fatigue, and pain in your upper abdomen. Corticosteroids are typically very effective at treating autoimmune pancreatitis.

604) Immune-Mediated Pneumonitis

(IMP) is an uncommon but potentially fatal toxicity of anti–programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. The purpose of study was to compare clinical and radiographic findings between IMP and pneumonia by pathogen.

605) Immune-Mediated Renal Disorder

The major clinical syndromes produced by immune-mediated renal injury include the nephrotic syndrome, the nephritic syndrome, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and acute renal failure. The notion of clinical syndromes facilitates diagnosis and treatment, but does not accurately define disease pathogenesis.

606) Immune-Mediated Thyroiditis

An immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) is any of a group of conditions or diseases that lack a definitive etiology, but which are characterized by common inflammatory pathways leading to inflammation, and which may result from, or be triggered by, a dysregulation of the normal immune response.

607) Immune-Mediated Uveitis

AbstractImmune-mediated uveitis is a collective term referring to a group of potentially blinding intraocular inflammations which may coexist with systemic inflammatory diseases. T lymphocytes appear to play an important pathogenic role in uveitis, and these cells are therefore the logical target of drug therapy. The signs, symptoms and characteristics of uveitis may include: Eye redness; Eye pain; Light sensitivity; Blurred vision; Dark, floating spots in your field of vision (floaters); Decreased vision.

608) Immunoglobulin G4 Related Disease

Is a systemic immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disease that presents as organ dysfunction or mass lesions with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in single or multiple organs. It can result in organ failure or death if untreated.

609) Immunoglobulins Abnormal

If your immunoglobulin levels are too high, it may be a sign of an autoimmune disease, a chronic illness, an infection, or a type of cancer. Having an IgA deficiency means that you have low levels of or no IgA in your blood. IgA is found in mucous membranes, mainly in the respiratory and digestive tracts. It is also found saliva, tears, and breastmilk. A deficiency seems to play a part in asthma and allergies.

610) Implant Site Thrombosis

NEXPLANON may increase your chance of serious blood clots, especially if you have other risk factors such as smoking. It is possible to die from a problem caused by a blood clot, such as a heart attack or a stroke. Some examples of serious blood clots are blood clots in the: Legs (deep vein thrombosis).  A clot is good when there is damage to the vascular tissue, but it is dangerous if it forms in a healthy blood vessel. In this case it is called a thrombus.

611) Inclusion Body Myositis

(IBM) is a progressive muscle disorder characterized by muscle inflammation, weakness, and atrophy (wasting). It is a type of inflammatory myopathy. IBM develops in adulthood, usually after age 50. The symptoms and rate of progression vary from person to person. sIBM is not considered a fatal disorder, but the risk of serious injury due to falls is increased. Death in IBM is sometimes related to malnutrition and respiratory failure. There is no effective treatment for the disease.

612) Infantile Genetic Agranulocytosis

An inherited disorder in which there is a lower-than-normal number of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell that is important in fighting infections). Newborns with this condition have recurring infections, fevers, inflammation and problems with their bones.

613) Infantile Spasms

Is a seizure with sudden stiffening of the body and brief bending forward or backward of the arms, legs and head. Each seizure lasts only a second or two and usually in a series. Seizures are most common just after waking up and rarely occur during sleep. During an infantile spasm, your baby’s body will stiffen or tense up suddenly and only for a couple of seconds. They may also arch their back, and their arms, legs and/or head may bend forward. Subtle signs of an infantile spasm include: Eyes rolling up; Belly tensing up; Chin movements; Grimacing; Head nodding.

614) Infected Vasculitis

Vasculitis means inflammation of the blood vessels. This may be triggered by an infection or a medicine, although often the cause is unknown. Vasculitis can range from a minor problem that just affects the skin, to a more serious illness that causes problems with organs like the heart or kidneys.

615) Infective Thrombosis

Suppurative (septic) thrombophlebitis describes thrombosis in a vein that occurs in the setting of inflammation and infection. This condition is characterized by the presence of a thrombus that is associated with inflammation and pus formation (suppuration) both in the venous wall and surrounding the vessel.

616) Inflammation

When your body encounters an offending agent (like viruses, bacteria or toxic chemicals) or suffers an injury, it activates your immune system. Your immune system sends out its first responders: inflammatory cells and cytokines (substances that stimulate more inflammatory cells). Symptoms of inflammation include: Redness. A swollen joint that may be warm to the touch. Joint pain.

617) Inflammatory Bowel Disease

(IBD) is a term for two conditions (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) that are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. 1 Prolonged inflammation results in damage to the GI tract. Symptoms of IBD: pain, cramps or swelling in the tummy. Recurring or bloody diarrhoea. weight loss. extreme tiredness.

618) Infusion Site Thrombosis

The best infusion sites, the parts of your body you attach the infusion set to, are parts of the body with a good layer of fat under the skin. Good places tend to be the abdomen, thighs, buttocks, hips, upper arms and either side of the lower back. Symptoms: Pain. Swelling. Warmth. Redness. Leg cramps, often starting in the calf. Leg pain that worsens when bending the foot. Bluish or whitish skin discoloration.

619) Infusion Site Vasculitis

For more severe forms of vasculitis, such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis, your doctor may prescribe intravenous (IV) infusions of a protein called immunoglobulin. In this form of immunotherapy, healthy antibodies are collected from blood that has been provided by donors.

Common vasculitis skin lesions are: red or purple dots (petechiae), usually most numerous on the legs. larger spots, about the size of the end of a finger (purpura), some of which look like large bruises. Less common vasculitis lesions are hives, an itchy lumpy rash and painful or tender lumps.

620) Injection Site Thrombosis

Lovenox (enoxaparin sodium) Injection is an anticoagulant (blood thinner) used to prevent blood clots that are sometimes called deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which can lead to blood clots in the lungs. A DVT can occur after certain types of surgery, or in people who are bed-ridden due to a prolonged illness.

621) Injection Site Urticaria

Injection site reactions (ISRs) are a local phenomenon defined as a constellation of symptoms, including swelling, erythema, pruritus, and pain around the site of injection. The most common cause is the skin’s response to the needle or the medicine. Less common causes include an allergic reaction to the medicine. Or you may have an infection at the injection site.  The symptoms of hives (urticaria): Red, raised welts or bumps on the skin. Blanching (the center of the hive turns white when pressed). Itchy skin. Swelling (angioedema).

622) Injection Site Vasculitis

Vasculitis means inflammation of the blood vessels. This may be triggered by an infection or a medicine, although often the cause is unknown. Vasculitis can range from a minor problem that just affects the skin, to a more serious illness that causes problems with organs like the heart or kidneys.

623) Instillation Site Thrombosis

Occurs when blood clots block veins or arteries. Symptoms include pain and swelling in one leg, chest pain, or numbness on one side of the body. Complications of thrombosis can be life-threatening, such as a stroke or heart attack.

624) Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome

Is a rare condition that causes low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). This occurs because the body begins to make a specific kind of protein called antibodies to attack insulin. Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone that is responsible for keeping blood sugar at a normal level. IAS is caused by the presence of large amounts of IAA, an autoantibody against insulin in the circulation. IAA can be found in some individuals with an established autoimmunity (53), and in patients with DM-1, especially those who develop the disease at a younger age.  Symptoms. The symptoms of insulin autoimmune syndrome are similar to those of other disorders that cause low blood sugar. These symptoms include sweating, fainting, lightheadedness, weakness, and fatigue.

625) Interstitial Granulomatous Dermatitis

(IGD) is a rare disease that clinically presents with a pruritic and painful rash revealing symmetric, erythematous, and violaceous plaques over the lateral trunk, buttocks, and thighs. Fewer than 70 cases have been documented in the literature. The features of interstitial granulomatous dermatitis are variable. The shape of the lesions may be round, annular or cord-like. Lesions wax and wane, and may vary in size and shape over days to months. They are usually symptomless, but some patients complain of mild itch or burning sensation.

626) Interstitial Lung Disease

(ILD) is an umbrella term used for a large group of diseases that cause scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs. The scarring causes stiffness in the lungs which makes it difficult to breathe and get oxygen to the bloodstream. Lung damage from ILDs is often irreversible and gets worse over time. Some types of interstitial lung disease include: Interstitial pneumonia; Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis; Hypersensitivity pneumonitis; Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP); Acute interstitial pneumonitis; Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis; Sarcoidosis.

627) Intracardiac Mass

Visualized by echocardiography are most commonly due to thrombi, vegetations, or myxomas; however, a host of other masses occur in the heart as a consequence of benign and malignant tumors.

628) Intracardiac Thrombus

Is a common cause of cardiogenic cerebral ischaemia. Stroke recurrence is high, but thrombus detection with therapeutic intervention can reduce the risk. Accurate detection requires transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE), which is semi-invasive and costly. They can occur following myocardial infarction with ventricular thrombus formation, or with atrial fibrillation and mitral stenosis where atrial thrombi predominate. Thrombi in the chambers of the left heart are a common source of complications like stroke and other arterial embolic syndromes.

629) Intracranial Pressure Increased

A brain injury or another medical condition can cause growing pressure inside your skull. This dangerous condition is called increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and can lead to a headache. The pressure also further injure your brain or spinal cord.  Increased ICP is when the pressure inside a person’s skull increases. When this happens suddenly, it is a medical emergency. The most common cause of high ICP is a blow to the head. The main symptoms are headache, confusion, decreased alertness, and nausea.

630) Intrapericardial Thrombosis

Intrapericardial thrombus, or clot, may arise in several situations. If the amount of thrombus is sufficient, it may result in compression of the underlying cardiac chambers or vessels within the pericardial space.

Abstract. Background: Intracardiac thrombus is a common cause of cardiogenic cerebral ischaemia. Stroke recurrence is high, but thrombus detection with therapeutic intervention can reduce the risk. Accurate detection requires transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE), which is semi-invasive and costly.

631) Intrinsic Factor Antibody Abnormal

Without sufficient intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 goes largely unabsorbed and the body cannot produce enough normal red blood cells, leading to anemia. Besides anemia, decrease in the numbers of neutrophils and platelets may also occur. Anemia that is due to a lack of intrinsic factor is called pernicious anemia.

632) Intrinsic Factor Antibody Positive

The presence of Intrinsic Factor Antibodies (IFAB) as well as megaloblastic anaemia and low serum vitamin B12 are diagnostic of pernicious anaemia. A positive Intrinsic Factor antibody result can exclude the need for further testing, such as the Schillings test. A decreased vitamin B12 level and/or increased methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels as well as a positive test result for intrinsic factor antibodies and/or parietal cell antibodies means that it is likely that the person tested has pernicious anemia.

633) Ipex Syndrome

IPEX is a genetic disease of immune dysregulation in which patients can present early in life with diarrhea, diabetes and eczema. The symptoms of IPEX syndrome include severe diarrhea, diabetes, skin conditions (such as eczema, erythroderma, or psoriasis), and thyroid disease (thyroiditis). IPEX syndrome is caused by changes ( mutations ) of the FOXP3 gene , which is located on the X chromosome .

634) Irregular Breathing

Shortness of breath is often a symptom of heart and lung problems. But it can also be a sign of other conditions like asthma, allergies or anxiety. Intense exercise or having a cold can also make you feel breathless. Symptoms to be aware of include: fever, pain or pressure in the chest, wheezing, tightness in the throat, a barking cough, shortness of breath that requires you to sit up constantly, shortness of breath that wakes you up during the night.

635) Irvan Syndrome

Is an acronym for “idiopathic retinal vasculitis-aneurysms-neuroretinitis syndrome,” a condition that primarily affects the eyes. Although this condition can occur in people of all ages, it is most commonly diagnosed in the third or fourth decade of life.

636) Ivth Nerve Paralysis

Fourth nerve palsy means that a certain muscle in your eye is paralyzed. It is caused by disease or injury to the fourth cranial nerve. In children, it is most often present at birth (congenital). In adults, it is most often caused by injury. Many cases of fourth nerve palsy are idiopathic. See your healthcare provider if you develop double vision. This could be a symptom of a fourth nerve palsy or another serious condition. Having double vision and a sudden severe headache could be a symptom of a stroke. Call 911 right away if you think you may be having a stroke.

637) Ivth Nerve Paresis

Fourth nerve palsy means that a certain muscle in your eye is paralyzed. It is caused by disease or injury to the fourth cranial nerve. In children, it is most often present at birth (congenital). In adults, it is most often caused by injury.

638) Jc Polyomavirus Test Positive

If the blood test finds JC virus (JCV positive), this indicates that you are at a higher risk of developing PML, although for most people the risk is still small.The JC virus can be activated when a person’s immune system is compromised because of disease or immunosuppressive medication. The virus can then be carried into the brain.

639) Jc Virus Csf Test Positive

A positive CSF JCV PCR had a PPV of 10.4% for the diagnosis of PML. A weakly positive PCR had a PPV of 1.6%, whereas a moderately to highly positive PCR had a PPV of 92.3%. A PPV of 0.0% was observed in immunocompetent patients and in patients without compatible clinical or radiological features. In people with very weak immune systems, the virus can bring on a serious brain infection called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). PML damages the outer coating of your nerve cells. It can cause permanent disabilities and can even be deadly.

640) Jeavons Syndrome

Is a type of epilepsy. It is one of the most distinctive reflex syndromes of idiopathic generalized epilepsy characterized by the triad of eyelid myoclonia with and without absences, eye-closure-induced seizures, EEG paroxysms, or both, and photosensitivity. These consist of brief and repeated myoclonic jerks of the eyelids, eyeballs roll upwards, and the head may move slightly backwards. These events usually last less than 6 seconds but can happen many times per day. They are often induced or brought about by flashing lights or closing the eyes.

641) Jugular Vein Embolism

Internal jugular vein thrombosis is asymptomatic in most patients. Clinicians should carefully evaluate swelling, erythema, or tenderness in the angle of the jaw or the side of the neck. Complications such as pulmonary embolism although rare but can occur. Blood clots can cause swelling in the veins of your neck or arms, but this is rare.You can experience the following symptoms near the affected area if you have either kind of thrombophlebitis: Pain; warmth; tenderness; swelling; redness.

642) Jugular Vein Thrombosis

(IJV) thrombosis is an extremely rare vascular disease. It is usually secondary to intravenous drug abuse, prolonged central venous catheterization or deep head-neck infections or trauma. Associated malignancies are uncommon and not well documented in the etiology of IJV thrombosis. Common symptoms of IJVthr are neck pain and headache, whereas, swelling, erythema and the palpable cord sign beneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle, frequently associated with fever, are the most reported clinical signs.

643) Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

(JIA) is a form of arthritis in children. Arthritis causes joint swelling (inflammation) and joint stiffness. Symptoms of juvenile arthritis may include: Joint stiffness, especially in the morning. Pain, swelling, and tenderness in the joints. Limping (In younger children, it may appear that the child is not able to perform motor skills they recently learned.)Persistent fever. Rash. Weight loss. Fatigue. Irritability.

644) Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

Is an epilepsy syndrome characterized by myoclonic jerks (quick jerks of the arms or legs), generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCSs), and sometimes, absence seizures. The seizures of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy often occur when people first awaken in the morning. The Signs & Symptoms of a Juvenile Myoclonic Seizure：has brief muscle twitches or jerks in the upper arms, shoulders, or neck， has movements on one or both sides of the body at the same time，usually is awake and can think clearly during and right after the seizure.

645) Juvenile Polymyositis

The common symptoms of polymyositis include: Muscle pain and stiffness. Muscle weakness, particularly in the belly (abdomen), shoulders, upper arms, and hips. Joint pain and stiffness. Trouble catching your breath. Problems with swallowing.Irregular heart rhythms, if the heart muscle becomes inflamed. The symptoms of juvenile polymyositis：Shortness of breath.Difficulty swallowing.Voice changes.Calcium deposits in the muscles.Fever. Weight loss.

646) Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis

Is a subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis that is characterized by both arthritis and psoriasis. Other signs and symptoms may include dactylitis (inflammation and swelling of an entire finger or toe); nail pitting or splitting; and eye problems. Symptoms：swollen, red, and painful joints, especially in the fingers and toes，stiffness in the morning， swelling in the hands that makes the fingers and toes look like sausages， a red, itchy, and scaly rash on the knees, elbows, scalp, face, and buttocks， joints that are deformed from swelling.

647) Juvenile Spondyloarthritis

(SpA) is a distinct form of juvenile arthritis characterized by male predominance and adolescent onset. Clinical manifestations include lower extremity and sacroiliac joint arthritis, enthesitis, and subclinical gastrointestinal inflammation. Symptoms of spondyloarthritis vary between patients but may include: Longstanding low back pain. Back stiffness. Back pain and stiffness are typically worse at night and improve with exercise. Fatigue. Painful swelling of joints. Sausage-like appearance of fingers or toes. Heel pain. Skin and nail changes of psoriasis.

648) Kaposi Sarcoma Inflammatory Cytokine Syndrome

Is a newly recognized disease caused by Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). This virus can cause cancer. People with KICS can have severe symptoms. They include fever, weight loss, and fluid in the legs or abdomen.

649) Kawasaki’s Disease

(KD), also known as Kawasaki syndrome, is an acute febrile illness of unknown cause that primarily affects children younger than 5 years of age. Clinical signs include fever, rash, swelling of the hands and feet, irritation and redness of the whites of the eyes, swollen lymph glands in the neck, and irritation and inflammation of the mouth, lips, and throat. Kawasaki disease primarily affects children younger than 5 years of age.

650) Kayser-Fleischer Ring

Are dark rings that appear to encircle the iris of the eye. They are due to copper deposition in part of the cornea (Descemet’s membrane) as a result of particular liver diseases. It do not cause any symptoms. It is usually seen as a golden, brown ring in the peripheral cornea. It starts at Schwalbe’s line and extends less than 5 mm onto the cornea. The ring may appear as greenish-yellow, ruby red, bright green, or ultramarine blue.

651) Keratoderma Blenorrhagica

A thickening and keratinization of the skin that generally involves the feet, hands, and nails that resemble psoriasis clinically and on histopathology. 

The lesion is usually painless and sterile unless a superimposed infection occurs. Keratoderma blennorrhagica is seen on the soles or palms of affected individuals. It is manifested as a painless desquamative psoriatic-like papulosquamous eruption and is sometimes referred to as pustulosis palmoplantaris.

652) Ketosis-Prone Diabetes Mellitus

Is defined as a hybrid form of diabetes mellitus, which is predominantly seen in overweight-to-obese men. Although the diagnosis is based on diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) as a presenting feature, which also is characteristic of type 1 diabetes, the course of the disease differs from type 1.  It is a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when your body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones. The condition develops when your body can’t produce enough insulin.

653) Kounis Syndrome

Is the concurrence of acute coronary syndromes with conditions associated with mast cell activation, such as allergies or hypersensitivity and anaphylactic or anaphylactoid insults that can involve other interrelated and interacting inflammatory cells behaving as a ‘ball of thread’.

654) Lafora’s Myoclonic Epilepsy

Lafora disease is an inherited , severe form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy. The condition most commonly begins with epileptic seizures in late childhood or adolescence. Other signs and symptoms include difficulty walking, muscle spasms (myoclonus) and dementia.

655) Lambl’s Excrescences

(LEs) are unusual, yet significant etiology of thromboembolism. LEs are fibrous valvular strands typically occurring at coaptation lines of the left-sided valves. These occur from wear and tear of the valves and comprise of a dense core of collagenous and elastic fibrils enclosed by endothelium.

656) Laryngeal Dyspnoea

Is a life-threatening emergency situation. The diagnosis is clinical and made from the association of: inspiratory bradypnea, intercostal and sus-sternal inspiratory depression, with or without stridor.  Laryngeal dystonia symptom: Voice breaks up. Voice sounds breathy, whispery, strangled, or tight. Vocal tremor. Hoarse voice. Jerky voice. Tremulous voice. Intermittent voice breaks. The effort required to produce voice.

657) Laryngeal Oedema

(LE) is a frequent complication of intubation and is caused by trauma to the larynx. The edema results in a decreased size of the laryngeal lumen, which may present as stridor or respiratory distress (or both) following extubation. The clinical signs of laryngeal edema were dysphagia; the sensation of a lump in the throat; a feeling of tightness in the throat; voice changes, including hoarseness and roughness; and dyspnea. In patients with progressed laryngeal edema, mostly fear of asphyxiation and aphonia also occurred.

658) Laryngeal Rheumatoid Arthritis

Is cricoarytenoid arthritis resulting from longstanding rheumatoid disease, which induces impaired arytenoid motion caused by pathologic changes such as synovial inflammation and thickening with eventual pannus formation and destruction of the articular cartilage.

658) Laryngospasm

Is a transient and reversible spasm of the vocal cords that temporarily makes it difficult to speak or breathe. The vocal cords are two fibrous bands inside the voice box (larynx) at the top of the windpipe (trachea). Laryngospasm is identified by varying degrees of airway obstruction with paradoxical chest movement, intercostal recession and tracheal tug. A characteristic crowing noise may be heard in partial laryngospasm but will be absent in complete laryngospasm.

659) Laryngotracheal Oedema

Is a frequent complication of intubation and is caused by trauma to the larynx. The edema results in a decreased size of the laryngeal lumen, which may present as stridor or respiratory distress (or both) following extubation. The clinical signs of laryngeal edema were dysphagia; the sensation of a lump in the throat; a feeling of tightness in the throat; voice changes, including hoarseness and roughness; and dyspnea. In patients with progressed laryngeal edema, mostly fear of asphyxiation and aphonia also occurred.

660) Latent Autoimmune Diabetes In Adults

(LADA) is a slow-progressing form of autoimmune diabetes. Like the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes, LADA occurs because your pancreas stops producing adequate insulin, most likely from some “insult” that slowly damages the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. LADA symptoms are similar to those of type 1 or 2 diabetes. You may get thirsty, need to pee often, get blurry vision, or lose weight even though your appetite goes up. You may also have symptoms like: Frequent infections.Weakness and fatigue. Dry, itchy skin. Tingling in your hands or feet.

661) Le Cells Present

Also known as Hargraves cell, is a neutrophil or macrophage that has phagocytized (engulfed) the denatured nuclear material of another cell. The denatured material is an absorbed hematoxylin body (also called an LE body). They are a characteristic of lupus erythematosus, but also found in similar connective tissue disorders or some autoimmune diseases like in severe rheumatoid arthritis. LE cells can be observed in drug-induced lupus, for example, following treatment with methyldopa.

662) Lemierre Syndrome

Is a severe illness caused by the anaerobic bacterium, Fusobacterium necrophorum which typically occurs in healthy teenagers and young adults. The infection originates in the throat and spreads via a septic thrombophlebitis of the tonsillar vein and internal jugular vein. Symptoms: swelling in your neck around your lymph nodes, abnormal headaches, pains that feel like they’re shooting down your neck, high fever, feeling stiff, weak, or exhausted, feeling more sensitive to light than usual (known as photophobia), trouble breathing, trouble swallowing.

663) Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

Epilepsy begins in early childhood, usually between ages 3 and 5. The most common seizure type is tonic seizures, which cause the muscles to stiffen (contract) uncontrollably. These seizures typically occur during sleep; they may also occur during wakefulness and cause sudden falls. Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Tonic – stiffening of the body. Atonic – temporary loss of muscle tone and consciousness, causing the patient to fall. Atypical absence – staring episodes. Myoclonic – sudden muscle jerks.

664) Leucine Aminopeptidase Increased

(LAP) test is used to identify catalase-negative gram-positive cocci. Specifically, it differentiates Aerococcus and Leuconostoc from Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, and Pediococcus. The LAP disk is a rapid test for the detection of the enzyme leucine aminopeptidase.

665) Leukoencephalomyelitis

Inflammation of the white matter of the brain. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a disease of the white matter of the brain, caused by a virus infection that targets cells that make myelin–the material that insulates nerve cells (neurons).

666) Leukoencephalopathy

With vanishing white matter is a progressive disorder that mainly affects the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). This disorder causes deterioration of the central nervous system’s white matter, which consists of nerve fibers covered by myelin. Symptoms:  Clumsiness or loss of coordination. Difficulty walking. Facial drooping. Loss of vision. Personality changes. Trouble speaking. Weak muscles.

667) Leukopenia

Can be related to a number of factors including: Aplastic anemia – A condition where the bone marrow doesn’t produce new blood cells. Autoimmune disorders – Conditions that attack the white blood cells or bone marrow cells, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. The symptoms of leukopenia: a fever of 100.4˚F (38˚C) or above, chills, sweating, sore throat, cough or shortness of breath, an area of your body that’s become red, swollen, or painful, an injury that’s draining pus, mouth sores or white patches in your mouth.

668) Leukopenia Neonatal

A low white blood cell count (leukopenia) is a decrease in disease-fighting cells (leukocytes) in your blood. Leukopenia is almost always related to a decrease in a certain type of white blood cell (neutrophil). The definition of low white blood cell count varies from one medical practice to another.

669) Lewis-Sumner Syndrome

(LSS) is considered an asymmetric sensory-motor variant of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP), mostly affecting the limbs distally, with electrophysiological evidence of multifocal motor conduction blocks. Cranial nerve involvement is present in a minority. The signs and symptoms of Lewis-Sumner syndrome present during adulthood and include hand and arm weakness, a loss of reflexes in the upper limbs (areflexia), loss of feeling in the hands and fingers (neuropathy), and tingling in the hands and fingers (paresthesias).

670) Lhermitte’s Sign

Is a short, intense sensation that feels similar to an electric shock passing down the neck and spine and radiating through the trunk and limbs. It can occur with multiple sclerosis (MS), but it can also affect people who do not have MS. Lhermitte’s sign (also known as Lhermitte’s phenomenon and the barber chair phenomenon) describes a transient sensation of an electric shock extending down the spine and/or extremities upon flexion of the neck, often a sequela of neurologic disease.

671) Lichen Planopilaris

Is a rare inflammatory condition that results in patchy progressive permanent hair loss mainly on the scalp. It is thought to be an auto-immune disorder of the hair follicles. A diagnosis of LPP is made based on a clinical exam and microscopic examination of a piece of tissue from the affected area. Purplish, flat bumps, most often on the inner forearm, wrist or ankle, and sometimes the genitals. Itching. Blisters that break to form scabs or crusts. Lacy white patches in the mouth or on the lips or tongue.

672) Lichen Planus

Is a common disease that causes inflammation (swelling and irritation) on your skin or inside your mouth. On your skin, lichen planus causes a rash that is usually itchy. Inside your mouth, it may cause burning or soreness.Symptoms: Purplish, flat bumps, most often on the inner forearm, wrist or ankle, and sometimes the genitals. Itching. Blisters that break to form scabs or crusts. Lacy white patches in the mouth or on the lips or tongue. Painful sores in the mouth or vagina. Hair loss. Change in scalp color. Nail damage or loss.

673) Lichen Sclerosus

(LIE-kun skluh-ROW-sus) is an uncommon condition that creates patchy, white skin that appears thinner than normal. It usually affects the genital and anal areas. Anyone can get lichen sclerosus but postmenopausal women are at higher risk. Lichen sclerosus in genital area: Redness.Itching (pruritus), which can be severe. Discomfort or pain. Smooth white patches on your skin. Blotchy, wrinkled patches. Tearing or bleeding. In severe cases, bleeding, blistering or ulcerated sores.Painful sex.

674) Limbic Encephalitis

Is a form of encephalitis, a disease characterized by inflammation of the brain. Limbic encephalitis is caused by autoimmunity: an abnormal state where the body produces antibodies against itself. Some cases are associated with cancer and some are not. A variety of symptoms may be associated with limbic encephalitis such as anterograde amnesia (the inability to store new memories after the onset of the condition), anxiety, depression, irritability, personality change, acute confusional state, hallucinations and seizures .

675) Linear Iga Disease

(LAD) is a blistering disorder characterized by linear deposits of IgA at the basement membrane zone (BMZ). [1] Though LAD is usually idiopathic, infections and drugs are also implicated as probable causes. Mucosal involvement is common occurring in 80% of adults. In Linear IgA Disease multiple tense blisters with a clear fluid appear over parts of the body. The blisters can vary in size and the skin may appear red around the blisters. Blisters often occur in clusters giving a “cluster of jewels” or “string of beads” appearance.

676) Lip Oedema

Is an abnormal build-up of fat in your legs and sometimes arms. Symptoms of lipoedema: your legs appear symmetrically swollen – swelling can occur from the hips down to the ankles and your legs appear column-like; the feet are not usually affected, affected areas feel ‘spongy’ and cool and the skin is generally soft and subtle, you bruise easily in the affected areas.

677) Lip Swelling

Are caused by underlying inflammation or a buildup of fluid under the skin of your lips. There are several reasons as to why lips become swollen, but in most cases, it is not serious and will disappear on its own. Anyone with swollen lips should see a doctor if they are experiencing severe symptoms, such as those associated with anaphylaxis.

678) Liver Function Test Abnormal

Elevated levels of bilirubin (jaundice) might indicate liver damage or disease or certain types of anemia. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). GGT is an enzyme in the blood. Higher-than-normal levels may indicate liver or bile duct damage. Your liver function tests can be abnormal because: Your liver is inflamed (for example, by infection, toxic substances like alcohol and some medicines, or by an immune condition). Your liver cells have been damaged (for example, by toxic substances, such as alcohol, paracetamol, poisons).

679) Liver Function Test Decreased

Parasites and viruses can infect the liver, causing inflammation that reduces liver function. The viruses that cause liver damage can be spread through blood or semen, contaminated food or water, or close contact with a person who is infected. Acute liver failure is loss of liver function that occurs rapidly — in days or weeks — usually in a person who has no preexisting liver disease. It’s most commonly caused by a hepatitis virus or drugs, such as acetaminophen. Acute liver failure is less common than chronic liver failure, which develops more slowly.

680) Liver Function Test Increased

Elevated liver enzymes often indicate inflammation or damage to cells in the liver. Inflamed or injured liver cells leak higher than normal amounts of certain chemicals, including liver enzymes, into the bloodstream, elevating liver enzymes on blood tests.The most common causes of elevated transaminase levels are nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease. Uncommon causes include drug-induced liver injury, hepatitis B and C, and hereditary hemochromatosis.

681) Liver Induration

The liver is usually indurated shrunken and yellowish-tan but it may be enlarged and yellow as in alcoholic fatty cirrhosis, rusty as in hemochromatosis or large and green as in biliary obstruction. Induration: the process of or condition produced by growing hard specifically : sclerosis especially when associated with inflammation.

682) Liver Injury

Is defined by an increase of over two times the upper limit of normal range (2N) in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or conjugated bilirubin, or a combined increase of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and total bilirubin, provided one of them is above 2N. The signs and symptoms of an injured liver include: Abdominal pain.Guarding (holding hand over the area) Tenderness in the upper right part of the abdomen. Right shoulder pain and signs of shock and blood loss.

683) Liver Iron Concentration Abnormal

What is liver iron concentration? Normal LIC ranges from 0.2 mg Fe/g dry weight (3.6 μmol Fe/kg dry weight) to 2 mg Fe/g dry weight (36 μmol Fe/kg dry weight). Iron overload is defined as iron that exceeds the upper limit of normal. The risk of complications related to fibrosis and cirrhosis increases when there is significant iron overload, which is defined as hepatic iron concentration (HIC) greater than three times the upper limit of normal (greater than 90 micromol/g dry weight).

684) Liver Iron Concentration Increased    

Elevated liver iron concentration was associated with an increased rate of morbidity in patients with phenotypes of all severity, with a steeper increase in the rate of vascular morbidity being attributed to aging, and an earlier appearance of endocrine and bone disease.                   

685) Liver Opacity

The normal liver is of soft tissue opacity. Mineral opacities can occur in the hepatic parenchyma or biliary system. Choleliths should be considered when focal mineral opacities are visible in the area of the gallbladder. If signs and symptoms of liver disease do occur, they may include: Skin and eyes that appear yellowish (jaundice) Abdominal pain and swelling. Swelling in the legs and ankles. Itchy skin. Dark urine color. Pale stool color. Chronic fatigue. Nausea or vomiting.

686) Liver Palpable

In the majority of normal examinations the liver is not palpable. Cases in which the normal liver is palpable include emphysema, right-sided pleural effusion, thin body carriage, Riedel’s lobe, or deep diaphragmatic excursion. Symptoms: Abdominal pain. Fatigue. Nausea and vomiting. Yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes (jaundice).

687) Liver Sarcoidosis

Hepatic sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Around 70% of patients have epithelioid non-caseating granulomas on liver biopsy; 20–40% of patients have hepatomegaly or elevated liver enzymes. Most of the cases with liver involvement are asymptomatic and do not require treatment. When symptoms occur, they include jaundice (a yellow skin), itching skin, and pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen where the liver is situated. High blood pressure frequently develops in patients with long-standing disease.

688) Liver Scan Abnormal

What are some common reasons for abnormal liver tests? More common causes of elevated liver enzymes include: Over-the-counter pain medications, particularly acetaminophen (Tylenol, others. Certain prescription medications, including statin drugs used to control cholesterol. Drinking alcohol. Heart failure. Hepatitis A. Hepatitis B. Hepatitis C. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

689) Liver Tenderness

What does it mean if your liver is tender? Liver Abscess or Cyst: A bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection in your liver can form an abscess, or a pocket of pus. The top right side of your abdomen may be tender. Your doctor may be able to feel that your liver is enlarged. Usually, you’ll also have fever and chills. Tenderness: The normal liver may be slightly tender. Palpation During the Liver Exam: With patient supine, place right hand on patient’s abdomen, just lateral to the rectus abdominis, well below lower border of liver dullness. Ask patient to take a deep breath and try to feel the liver edge as it descends.

690) Low Birth Weight Baby

Is when a baby is born weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces. Some low-birthweight babies are healthy, but others have serious health problems that need treatment. Premature birth (before 37 weeks of pregnancy) and fetal growth restriction are the most common causes of low birthweight. Babies with a very low birth weight have a greater risk of developing problems. Their tiny bodies are not as strong as babies of normal weight. They may have a harder time eating, gaining weight, and fighting infection. They have very little body fat.

691) Lower Respiratory Tract Herpes Infection

The respiratory epithelium from the oral mucosa to the alveoli can be infected with HSV. The manifestations can range from a few scattered ulcers in the trachea to a severe ulcerative process resulting in an obstructing, inflammatory tracheobronchial membrane. Focal or diffuse pneumonia can also occur.

692) Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

(RTI) occurs when there is an infection of the lungs, specifically in the lower airways. This infection is usually caused by a virus, but it can also be caused by bacteria or other less common organisms. Common lower RTIs in infants and young children include: Flu. Symptoms: a cough – you may bring up mucus (phlegm), sneezing, a stuffy or runny nose, a sore throat, headaches, muscle aches, breathlessness, tight chest or wheezing, a high temperature.

693) Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Viral

A lower RTI occurs when there is an infection in the lower airways. Common lower RTIs in infants and young children include the flu, viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia. The main symptoms of a lower RTI are a persistent cough, fever and sometimes difficulty breathing. Symptoms of an RTI include: a cough – you may bring up mucus (phlegm), sneezing, a stuffy or runny nose, a sore throat, headaches, muscle aches, breathlessness, tight chest or wheezing, a high temperature.

694) Lung Abscess

Is a cavity filled with pus. In most cases, it’s the result of a bacterial infection in lung tissue. The infection causes lung tissue to die. Pus collects in the resulting space. A lung abscess can be challenging to treat, and it can also be life threatening. A lung abscess is usually caused by bacteria that normally live in the mouth and are inhaled into the lungs. Symptoms include fatigue, loss of appetite, night sweats, fever, weight loss, and a cough that brings up sputum. Diagnosis is usually determined with a chest x-ray.

695) Lupoid Hepatic Cirrhosis

The term “lupoid hepatitis” was coined in the 1950s to describe cases of young women with chronic active hepatitis characterized by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate on biopsy, hypergammaglobulinemia, and a positive LE cell test in the blood. Symptoms: Fatigue. Abdominal discomfort. Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice). An enlarged liver. Abnormal blood vessels on the skin (spider angiomas). Skin rashes. Joint pains.Loss of menstrual periods.

696) Lupus Cystitis

Is a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is characterized by an increase in bladder wall thickness and may be associated with hydroureteronephrosis. Patients with lupus cystitis generally present with gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain, sometimes mimicking obstructive ileus, or with lower urinary tract symptoms such as dysuria, suprapubic pain, polyuria, urgency, and incontinence.

697) Lupus Encephalitis

Among the neurologic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the most common are the organic encephalopathies (35–75% of case series), which comprise all potential variations of acute confusion, lethargy, or coma; chronic and subacute dementias. Symptoms include: Confusion and trouble concentrating (sometimes called lupus brain fog). Seizures (sudden, unusual movements or behavior). Stroke (blocked blood flow in the brain that causes brain cells to die)

698) Lupus Endocarditis

Libman-Sacks endocarditis occurs in about 15% of people with lupus. The condition leads to the development of growths called vegetations on the surface of heart valves. Usually this form of endocarditis is associated with antiphospholipid antibodies, which are present in about 50% of people with SLE. Patients may report pain, focal neurologic symptoms (eg, focal weakness and/or numbness, visual loss, dysphasia, dysarthria, dysphagia, memory loss), numbness and discoloration of the extremities, and ischemic chest pain with arterial thromboses.

699) Lupus Enteritis

Is a distinct subset of SLE, defined as either vasculitis or inflammation of the small bowel, with supportive image and/or biopsy findings. The clinical picture of lupus enteritis is often nonspecific, with mild to severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting being the cardinal manifestations.Typical features of lupus enteritis include focal or diffuse bowel-wall thickening, bowel dilation, abnormal bowel wall enhancement (target sign), engorgement of mesenteric vessels with increased number of visible vessels (comb’s sign), increased attenuation of mesenteric fat and ascites.

700) Lupus Hepatitis

SLE-related hepatitis, better known as lupus hepatitis (LH), is a distinct entity that the affects 3–8% of SLE patients and is characterized by subclinical and mild elevation of liver enzymes (6. Liver involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: incidence, clinical course and outcome of lupus hepatitis. Many people with hepatitis don’t notice any symptoms, but some people have these symptoms: Fatigue (feeling tired). Jaundice (yellow skin or eyes). Nausea and vomiting. Abdominal pain. Dark urine (pee), Pale or gray stool (poop).

701) Lupus Myocarditis

Is a life threatening complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A case of left ventricular failure secondary to myocarditis occurring in a patient with SLE is reported. Lupus can trigger inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium). Other symptoms or signs your healthcare provider will look for include: History of preceding viral illness. Fever. Chest pain. Joint pain or swelling. Abnormal heartbeat. Fatigue. Shortness of breath. Leg swelling.

702) Lupus Myositis

Myositis is a rare but well-recognized complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is reputed to be milder than primary myositis in terms of morbidity and treatment response. Some people with lupus develop myositis, an inflammation of the skeletal muscles that causes weakness and loss of strength. Lupus myositis often affects the muscles of your neck, pelvis, thighs, shoulders and upper arms; difficulty in climbing stairs and getting up from a chair are early symptoms.

703) Lupus Nephritis

Is inflammation of the kidney that is caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Also called lupus, SLE is an autoimmune disease. With lupus, the body’s immune system targets its own body tissues. Lupus nephritis happens when lupus involves the kidneys. The symptoms of lupus nephritis: Edema (swelling due to fluid buildup) in your lower body or around your eyes. Fever with no known cause. Hematuria (blood in the urine). High blood pressure. Increased urination, especially at night. Joint pain or swelling. Muscle pain.

704) Lupus Pancreatitis

In 44% of the patients pancreatitis developed within 1 year of the diagnosis of lupus, and 84% had active lupus at the time of pancreatitis. Abdominal pain was the most frequent pancreatitis-related symptom (88%), followed by nausea or vomiting (67%). The clinical features related to acute pancreatitis in these 27 SLE patients were nonspecific. Abdominal pain (92.59%), fever (77.78%) and nausea/vomiting (74.07%), were the most frequent manifestations and other symptoms included diarrhea (44.44%), loss of appetite (44.44%) and GI tract hemorrhage (14.81%).

705) Lupus Pleurisy

The most common way that lupus can affect your lungs is through inflammation of the pleura, the lining that covers the outside of the lungs. The symptom of pleuritis that you may experience is severe, often sharp, stabbing pain in a specific area or areas of your chest. The symptom of pleuritis that you may experience is severe, often sharp, stabbing pain in a specific area or areas of your chest. The pain, which is called pleurisy, is made worse when you take a deep breath, cough, sneeze, or laugh. You may also experience shortness of breath.

706) Lupus Pneumonitis

Is a serious condition that affects anywhere from 1-10% of lupus patients. The condition is characterized by chest pain, shortness of breath, and a dry cough that may bring up blood. The most common symptom of pneumonitis is shortness of breath, which may be accompanied by a dry cough. Symptoms: Shortness of breath. Cough. Fatigue. Loss of appetite. Unintentional weight loss.

707) Lupus Vasculitis

Is an inflammation of the blood vessels. Inflammation is a condition in which tissue is damaged by blood cells entering the tissues. The symptoms of vasculitis: fever, generally feeling bad (malaise), muscle and joint pain, poor appetite, weight loss, fatigue. Nerves – inflammation of the nerves can cause tingling (pins and needles), pain and burning sensations or weakness in the arms and legs. Joints – vasculitis can cause joint pain or swelling. Muscles – inflammation here causes muscle aches, and eventually your muscles could become weak.

708) Lupus-Like Syndrome

Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DIL) is an autoimmune phenomenon where the patient develops symptoms similar to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) after exposure to certain drugs. While DIL tends to be less severe than SLE, the diagnosis can be challenging. Drug-Induced Lupus Symptoms: Muscle and joint pain; Fatigue; Blurred vision; Fever; General ill feeling (malaise); Joint swelling; Loss of appetite; Pleuritic chest pain.

709) Lymphocytic Hypophysitis

(LH) is a condition in which the pituitary gland becomes infiltrated by lymphocytes , resulting in pituitary enlargement and impaired function. It most often occurs in women in late pregnancy or the postpartum period, but can also occur in prepubertal or post-menopausal women, and in men. It is a neuroendocrine disorder characterized by autoimmune inflammation of the pituitary gland with various degrees of pituitary dysfunction. The exact cause is unknown but is thought to be autoimmune-related. Although some cases resolve on their own or after a short course of steroids, other cases cause persistent problems even with aggressive medical or surgical treatment.

710) Lymphocytopenia Neonatal

Absolute lymphopenia was defined as absolute lymphocyte count <3,000/mm3 in umbilical cord blood sample. Complete blood count was repeated at month 1 in cases found to have lymphopenia. Results: Overall, 2,000 newborns were included in the study. Lymphocytopenia is most often due to AIDS, and recently COVID-19, or undernutrition, but it also may be inherited or caused by various infections, drugs, or autoimmune disorders. Patients have recurrent viral, fungal, or parasitic infections. Lymphocyte subpopulations and immunoglobulin levels should be measured.

711) Lymphopenia

(also called lymphocytopenia) is a disorder in which your blood doesn’t have enough white blood cells called lymphocytes. These cells are made in the bone marrow along with other kinds of blood cells. Lymphocytes help protect your body from infection. Lymphocytopenia is most often due to AIDS, and recently COVID-19, or undernutrition, but it also may be inherited or caused by various infections, drugs, or autoimmune disorders. Patients have recurrent viral, fungal, or parasitic infections. Lymphocyte subpopulations and immunoglobulin levels should be measured. The symptoms: fever; cough; runny nose; enlarged lymph nodes; small tonsils or lymph nodes; painful joints; skin rash; night sweats.

712) Magic Syndrome

Is an acronym for mouth and genital ulcers with inflamed cartilage syndrome. Patients reported with this syndrome have features characteristic of both Behçet syndrome and relapsing polychondritis. We hereby report a patient with this rare syndrome. Mouth and genital ulcers with inflamed cartilage (MAGIC) syndrome refers to a condition in which features of Behcet’s disease (BD) and relapsing polychondritis (RP) occur in the same individual. The existence of MAGIC syndrome suggests a potential common etiology for BD and RP. A rare autoinflammatory syndrome characterized by the presence of features of relapsing polychondritis and Behçet’s disease in the same individual. This includes cartilage inflammation of the ears, nose, throat, and rib cage, as well as recurrent oral and genital ulcers.

713) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Liver Abnormal

MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging, can help detect certain liver disorders that affect this organ. These include hepatitis, hemochromatosis, and fatty liver disease. MRI scans also show blood flow, providing valuable information about any possible disorders of the vascular system associated with the liver.

714) Magnetic Resonance Proton Density Fat Fraction Measurement

Recently, noninvasive quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging proton density fat fraction (PDFF) measurements have been shown to help accurately detect and quantify the deposition of triglycerides in the liver (8–14).

715) Mahler Sign

A steady increase of pulse rate without corresponding elevation of temperature; seen in thrombosis. Pain that causes functional impotence, can affect the entire limb, tachycardia without fever is of great value.

716) Marburg’s Variant Multiple Sclerosis

Also known as acute, fulminant, or malignant multiple sclerosis, is characterized by extensive and fulminant acute demyelination, often resulting in death within one year after the onset of clinical signs. Disease progression was most probably consistent with the Marburg variant (malignant form) of multiple sclerosis with rapid deterioration of the patient’s clinical condition, including bulbar symptoms and epileptic paroxysms and ending with persistent coma and tetraparesis.

717) Marchiafava-Bignami Disease

Is a progressive neurological disease of alcohol use disorder, characterized by corpus callosum demyelination and necrosis and subsequent atrophy. The disease was first described in 1903 by the Italian pathologists Amico Bignami and Ettore Marchiafava in an Italian Chianti drinker. The disease seems to most often affect severe and chronic alcoholics in their middle or late adult life. Early symptoms may include depression, paranoia, psychosis, or dementia . Seizures are common, and hemiparesis, aphasia, abnormal movements, and ataxia may sometimes progress to coma and/or death.

718) Marine Lenhart Syndrome

Is a variant of Graves’ disease with incidentally functioning nodule(s) which are responsive to thyroid stimulating hormone but are not responsive to thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins. The coexistence of thyroid functioning nodules and Graves’ disease is called Marine-Lenhart syndrome. This condition is estimated to occur in 0.8-2.7% of patients with Graves’ disease with few cases reported in the literature. Criteria for the diagnosis are not well defined. Ultrasound: diffusely enlarged gland; diffusely hypoechoic parenchyma; markedly increased vascularity, so-called “thyroid inferno”.

719) Mastocytic Enterocolitis

Is a term describing the condition of chronic, intractable diarrhea in people with normal colon or duodenum biopsy results, but with an increased number of mast cells in the mucosa (the innermost layer of the colon). It as an isolated entity is a recently defined and possibly a rare etiology to chronic diarrhea . This case demonstrates that mastocytic enterocolitis can develop without systemic mastocytosis and without a preceding autoimmune condition.

720) Maternal Exposure During Pregnancy

Maternal exposure to volatile organic compounds, such as PERC, was found to influence the immune status of the newborn (Lehman 2002). In summary, the data indicate an increased risk of spontaneous abortion associated with occupational exposure, but data are inadequate regarding other outcomes of pregnancy.

721) Melas Syndrome

MELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes) syndrome is a rare disorder that begins in childhood, usually between two and fifteen years of age, and mostly affects the nervous system and muscles. MELAS syndrome is caused by mutations in the genetic material (DNA) in the mitochondria. While most of our DNA is in the chromosomes in the cell nucleus, some of our DNA is in another important structure called the mitochondrion (plural: mitochondria). Most people with MELAS have a buildup of lactic acid in their bodies, a condition called lactic acidosis. Increased acidity in the blood can lead to vomiting, abdominal pain, extreme tiredness (fatigue), muscle weakness, and difficulty breathing.

722) Meningitis

Is an inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. A bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord usually causes the swelling. However, injuries, cancer, certain drugs, and other types of infections also can cause meningitis. Meningitis symptoms can develop within hours or days and may include: Confusion; Fever; Headache; Numbness in your face;; Sensitivity to light; Stiff neck so that you can’t lower your chin to your chest; Upset stomach or vomiting; Severe headache with nausea or vomiting.

723) Meningitis Aseptic

Is the inflammation of the meninges, a membrane covering the brain and spinal cord, in patients whose cerebral spinal fluid test result is negative with routine bacterial cultures. Aseptic meningitis is caused by viruses, mycobacteria, spirochetes, fungi, medications, and cancer malignancies. Aseptic meningitis is an illness characterized by serous inflammation of the linings of the brain (i.e., meninges), usually with an accompanying mononuclear pleocytosis. Clinical manifestations vary, with headache and fever predominating. Cause aseptic meningitis include the following: chickenpox; HIV; herpes simplex; mumps; measles; West Nile; rabies.

724) Meningitis Herpes

Herpes meningitis is a type of viral meningitis that results from infection with a herpes virus. The condition causes swelling of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, which are called the meninges. Meningitis is the medical term for inflammation of the meninges.  Symptoms appear within three to six days after being exposed to the virus. You can pass the virus to others for several weeks after getting the infection, even after you no longer feel sick so it is important to always wash your hands. It is very unusual for anyone to have meningitis more than once, but it is possible. Most people some develop immunity to the organism that has caused their disease.

725) Meningoencephalitis Herpes Simplex Neonatal

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a devastating disease that can be difficult to diagnose in its early stages. By definition, neonatal herpes simplex (HSV) disease presents in the first 4 weeks of life and is almost always acquired by perinatal exposure to HSV. Symptoms of HSV Infection in Newborns: The first symptom is usually a rash of small, fluid-filled blisters. The blisters can also appear inside the mouth and around the eyes. This close-up of a newborn’s mouth shows sores on and under the upper lip caused by herpes simplex virus.

726) Meningoencephalitis Herpetic

Is an infection of the brain and brain covering (meninges) caused by the herpes simplex virus. It is a medical emergency that requires treatment right away. Viral infections are the most common cause of meningitis, followed by bacterial infections and, rarely, fungal and parasitic infections. Because bacterial infections can be life-threatening, identifying the cause is essential.

727) Meningomyelitis Herpes

Meningoencephalitis can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoan or as secondary sequel of other inflammations like AIDS. The viral or aseptic meningoencephalitis is mainly caused by enteroviruses, varicella‐zoster viruses, herpes simplex viruses, or measles viruses. Most people who get mild viral meningitis usually recover completely in 7 to 10 days without treatment. Antiviral medicine may help people with meningitis caused by viruses such as herpesvirus and influenza.

728) Mesangioproliferative Glomerulonephritis

Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MesPGN) is a morphological pattern characterized by a numerical increase in mesangial cells and expansion of the extracellular matrix within the mesangium of the glomerulus. The signs and symptoms of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: Swelling in body parts like your legs, ankles, or around your eyes (edema); Large amounts of protein in your urine (proteinuria); Loss of protein in your blood; High levels of fat lipids in your blood (high cholesterol); High blood pressure.

729) Mesenteric Artery Embolism

Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs when a sudden decreased perfusion to the intestines which leads to bowel infarction, and acute superior mesenteric artery embolism (ASMAE) is the main cause of AMI.

730) Mesenteric Artery Thrombosis

The superior mesenteric artery provides oxygenated blood and nutrients to the intestines. These organs are part of the digestive system. The artery branches off of the aorta, which is the body’s largest blood vessel. Superior refers to the artery’s location above other arteries that supply the intestines. (MAT) is a condition involving occlusion of the arterial vascular supply of the intestinal system.

731) Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis

(MVT) describes acute, subacute, or chronic thrombosis of the superior or inferior mesenteric vein or branches. MVT may present with acute abdominal pain or may be an asymptomatic incidental finding on abdominal imaging. Symptoms may include any of the following: Abdominal pain, which may get worse after eating and over time; Bloating; Constipation; Bloody diarrhea; Fever; Septic shock; Lower gastrointestinal bleeding; Vomiting and nausea.

732) Metapneumovirus Infection

(hMPV) is a common respiratory virus that causes an upper respiratory infection (like a cold). It is a seasonal disease that usually occurs in the winter and early spring, similar to RSV and the flu. More severe illness, with wheezing, difficulty breathing, hoarseness, cough, pneumonia, and in adults, aggravation of asthma, also has been reported. In children younger than 1 year of age, the elderly and persons who have weak immune systems, hMPV can cause more serious respiratory illness.

733) Metastatic Cutaneous Crohn’s Disease

Defined as skin lesions present in areas noncontiguous with the gastrointestinal tract, is the rarest cutaneous manifestation of Crohn’s disease. MCD lesions vary in morphology and can arise anywhere on the skin. MCD presents equally in both sexes and across age groups. Skin Conditions Related to Crohn’s Disease: Red bumps; Sores; Skin tears; Acne; Skin tags; Tunnels; Canker sores; Red spots.

734) Metastatic Pulmonary Embolism

Pulmonary metastases are defined as secondary malignant tumors of the lung parenchyma or pleura. Originating from an entirely separate organ, metastatic disease to the lung is the second-most common pulmonary malignancy. The most common symptoms of lung metastases are: Coughing. Bringing up blood when coughing. Chest pain.

735) Microangiopathy

(Microvascular disease, small vessel disease (SVD) or microvascular dysfunction, is a disease of the microvessels, small blood vessels in the microcirculation. It can be contrasted to coronary heart disease, an angiopathy that affects the larger vessels. A disease of the capillaries (very small blood vessels), in which the capillary walls become so thick and weak that they bleed, leak protein, and slow the flow of blood. For example, diabetes predisposes to the development of microangiopathy in many areas, including the eye.Microangiopathy is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus. The small blood vessel changes affecting the retinal and renal vasculature are responsible for blindness and kidney failure. Microvascular pathology has also been assumed to play a role in diabetic neuropathy and in the so-called diabetic foot.

736) Microembolism

A microembolism is a small particle, often a blood clot, that becomes caught while traveling through the bloodstream and can cause blockage in a blood vessel. When many of these occur in in the blood vessels of the brain, they are known as cerebral microemboli. Other possible symptoms include: numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, particularly on one side; general weakness; fatigue; dizziness or vertigo; loss of balance; difficulty walking; loss of vision in one or both eyes; severe headache.

737) Microscopic Polyangiitis

(MPA) is a condition that causes small blood vessels to be inflamed. It’s a rare type of vasculitis. The disease can damage the blood vessels and cause problems in organs around the body. MPA most often affects people in their 50s and 60s, but it can happen at any age.

738) Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

(MERS) is a viral respiratory infection caused by Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. Typical symptoms include fever, cough, diarrhea, and shortness of breath. The disease is typically more severe in those with other health problems.

739) Migraine-Triggered Seizure

A migraine-aura triggered seizure is defined as a seizure that occurs due to a migraine with aura and is not observed in migraines without aura. Experts suggest that migraine aura-induced seizures occur due to electrical changes in the brain that accompany an aura. Migraine seizures usually include symptoms such as: weakness on one side of the body; difficulty speaking; involuntary movements; diminished consciousness. In migraine, a person can have nausea, vomiting, weakness, stiff neck, paleness, and yawning, which can occur starting hours or days before the pain portion of the migraine.” In seizures, symptoms such as a “rising” feeling in the stomach, perception of certain smells, feeling of numbness, or a sense of déjà vu.

740) Miliary Pneumonia

Is a term applied to multiple, discrete lesions resulting from the spread of the pathogen to the lungs via the bloodstream. The varying degrees of immunocompromise in miliary tuberculosis (TB), histoplasmosis, and coccidioidomycosis may manifest as granulomas with caseous necrosis to foci of necrosis. Signs and symptoms of miliary TB: a fever that goes on for several weeks and may be worse in the evening; chills; dry cough that may occasionally be bloody; fatigue; weakness; shortness of breath that increases with time; poor appetite; weight loss.

741) Miller Fisher Syndrome

(MFS) is a rare acquired nerve disease related to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Features include weakness of the eye muscles causing difficulty moving the eyes; impaired limb coordination and unsteadiness; and absent tendon reflexes. Both GBS and MFS are triggered by a viral infection, most commonly the flu or a stomach bug. Symptoms generally start appearing from one to four weeks after infection with the virus. No one is entirely sure why GBS and MFS develop in response to these common illnesses. Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is a rare, autoimmune nerve condition.

742) Mitochondrial Aspartate Aminotransferase Increased

Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase 2 also catalyzes the irreversible transamination of the L-tryptophan metabolite L-kynurenine to form kynurenic acid. The enzyme plays a role in metabolite exchange between mitochondria and cytosol and facilitates cellular uptake of long-chain free fatty acids.

743) Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

(MCTD) has signs and symptoms of a combination of disorders — primarily lupus, scleroderma, and polymyositis. Many people with this uncommon disease also have Sjogren’s syndrome. For this reason, MCTD is sometimes called an overlap disease. Symptoms may include: A butterfly-shaped rash on the cheeks and bridge of the nose; Sensitivity to sunlight; Mouth ulcers; Hair loss; Fluid around the heart and/or lungs; Kidney problems; Anemia or other blood cell problems; Problems with memory and concentration or other nervous system disorders.

744) Model For End Stage Liver Disease Score Abnormal

Models that are used commonly in the care of patients with cirrhosis are the Child-Turcotte-Pugh score, the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and the MELD-Sodium (MELD-Na) score. The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was recently introduced to evaluate hepatic function reserve in cirrhotic patients. It has the advantage of using three objective and easily measured parameters: creatinine levels, international normalized ratio (INR) and total bilirubin.

745) Model For End Stage Liver Disease Score Increased

The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was recently introduced to evaluate hepatic function reserve in cirrhotic patients. It has the advantage of using three objective and easily measured parameters: creatinine levels, international normalized ratio (INR) and total bilirubin.

746) Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency

Is a rare condition characterized by brain dysfunction (encephalopathy) that worsens over time. Babies with this condition appear normal at birth, but within a week they have difficulty feeding and develop seizures that do not improve with treatment (intractable seizures). Symptoms were tachycardia, tachypnea, headache, nausea, vomiting, and coma. Laboratory tests showed high levels of sulfite and xanthine and low levels of sulfate and uric acid in the blood and urine.

747) Monocytopenia

Is a reduction in blood monocyte count to < 500/mcL (< 0.5 × 10 9/L). Risk of certain infections is increased. It is diagnosed by complete blood count with differential. Treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be needed. Monocytopenia is a form of leukocytopenia associated with a deficiency of monocytes. The major causes of this condition include use of myelotoxic drugs, acute infectious stress, aplastic anemia, hairy cell leukemia and myeloid leukemia. Monocytopenia usually is associated with abnormalities of other types of white blood cells. This can cause health problems, such as inflammation, severe infections, bleeding, or symptoms of anemia (including fatigue, dizziness, and pale skin).

748) Mononeuritis

Mononeuritis multiplex is actually a group of symptoms rather than its own disease. Its symptoms include numbness, tingling, abnormal sensation, lack of sensation, difficulty to control movement, or an inability to move a part of the body. Signs and symptoms of mononeuritis multiplex; Numbness; Tingling; Abnormal sensation; Burning pain – Dysesthesia; Difficulty moving a body part – Paralysis; Lack of controlled movement of a body part.

749) Mononeuropathy Multiplex

Also known as mononeuropathy multiplex or multifocal neuropathy, is a type of peripheral neuropathy. It happens when there is damage to two or more different nerve areas. Mononeuritis multiplex is actually a group of symptoms rather than its own disease. Mononeuritis multiplex, chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy and motor neuropathy are less common. The neuropathy may precede the onset of the disease and be the initial diagnostic clue. It is presumed to be related to autoimmune-mediated vascular damage is. Anyone can have mononeuritis multiplex, but people with diabetes mellitis or connective tissue diseases are more likely to get it. Another common cause includes a lack of oxygen caused by decreased blood flow. A common cause is from vasculitis.

750) Morphoea

Is a rare skin condition that will usually only affect the appearance of the skin and will go away without treatment. However, in more severe cases, morphea can cause mobility issues or deformities. In children, morphea can cause eye damage and problems with limb growth and movement. Morphea is an autoimmune disease that causes sclerosis, or scarlike, changes to the skin. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system, which normally protects us from bacteria, viruses, and fungi, mistakenly attacks a person’s own body.

751) Morvan Syndrome

Morvan’s ‘fibrillary chorea’ or Morvan’s syndrome is characterized by neuromyotonia (NMT), pain, hyperhydrosis, weight loss, severe insomnia and hallucinations. We describe a man aged 76 years with NMT, dysautonomia, cardiac arrhythmia, lack of slow-wave sleep and abnormal rapid eye movement sleep.

752) Mouth Swelling

Infections of the tissues of and around the mouth itself can result in swelling. Bacterial infection: A bacterial infection can cause an abscess, which is a painful, infected lump inside the mouth. Cold sores: A viral infection or “cold sore” can cause the roof of the mouth to swell at the same time the sore appears. Allergies are the primary cause of swollen lips. When your body comes in contact with an allergen such as insect bites, milk, peanuts, shellfish, soy or wheat, fluid can accumulate underneath the skin layers and cause the lips to swell.

753) Moyamoya Disease

Is a rare blood vessel (vascular) disorder in which the carotid artery in the skull becomes blocked or narrowed, reducing blood flow to your brain. Tiny blood vessels then develop at the base of the brain in an attempt to supply the brain with blood. Moyamoya Disease Symptoms: Recurring transient ischemic attacks (TIAs or “mini-strokes”); Epilepsy; Stroke: Ischemic stroke (due to blockage) or hemorrhagic stroke (bleeding); Hemiparesis: weakness or paralysis on one side of the body; Progressive difficulty in thinking and remembering due to repeated strokes and bleeding.

754) Multifocal Motor Neuropathy

(MMN) is a disease that affects your body’s motor nerves. Those are the nerves that control your muscles. The condition makes it hard for them to send the electrical signals that move your body, which makes your hands and arms feel weak. They’ll also twitch and cramp. Signs and symptoms of multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) may include weakness; cramping; involuntary contractions or twitching; wrist drop or foot drop; and wasting (atrophy) of affected muscles. Atrophy occurs late in the course of the condition.

755) Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

(MODS) can be defined as the development of potentially reversible physiologic derangement involving two or more organ systems not involved in the disorder that resulted in ICU admission, and arising in the wake of a potentially life-threatening physiologic insult. Signs include nausea, seizures, reduced urine production, swelling in the lower extremities, and chest pain. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is defined as the progressive physiological dysfunction of two or more organ systems where homeostasis cannot be maintained without intervention. It is initiated by illness, injury or infection and most commonly affects the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys.

756) Multiple Sclerosis

(MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). Common early signs of multiple sclerosis (MS) include: vision problems; tingling and numbness; pains and spasms; weakness or fatigue; balance problems or dizziness; bladder issues; sexual dysfunction; cognitive problems. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition that can affect the brain and spinal cord, causing a wide range of potential symptoms, including problems with vision, arm or leg movement, sensation or balance. It’s a lifelong condition that can sometimes cause serious disability, although it can occasionally be mild.

757) Multiple Sclerosis Relapse

Relapsing-remitting MS is marked by relapses that last at least 24 hours. During a relapse, symptoms get worse. A relapse will be followed by a remission. During a remission, symptoms partly or completely go away. Sometimes the symptoms of a relapse go away completely but, in other cases, they may not fully disappear. Both the frequency and severity of relapses are very variable and unpredictable.

758) Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Prophylaxis

Perioperative prophylaxis in patients with MS undergoing surgery can prevent relapse. It is of utmost importance that the surgical community realizes that prophylactic treatment is available and should be utilized during elective and emergent surgical situations. The symptoms of relapsing-remitting MS: Trouble seeing; Sensitivity to heat; Numbness, especially in the feet; Weakness; Fatigue; Difficulty thinking clearly; Depression; Needing to urinate urgently.

759) Multiple Subpial Transection

Is a surgical treatment modality for epilepsy used in scenarios wherein epileptogenic brain regions cannot be removed safely.

760) Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children

(MIS-C) is a condition where different body parts can become inflamed, including the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, eyes, or gastrointestinal organs.

761) Muscular Sarcoidosis

Is a rare entity and is usually asymptomatic. It is symptomatic in only 1% of cases. It typically appears as a complication of systemic sarcoidosis. The histological pattern of sarcoid myopathy is as a noncaseating granuloma in the perimysial connective tissue. Symptoms of musculoskeletal sarcoidosis: joint pain; rigid or stiff joints; swelling; erythema nodosum; muscle weakness (myopathy); muscle pain.

762) Myasthenia Gravis

(MG) is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscle, resulting in weakness of the skeletal muscles. Myasthenia gravis affects the voluntary muscles of the body, especially those that control the eyes, mouth, throat and limbs.

Myasthenia gravis is caused by an abnormal immune reaction (antibody-mediated autoimmune response) in which the body’s immune defenses (i.e., antibodies) inappropriately attack certain proteins in muscles that receive nerve impulses. Myasthenia gravis can range from mild to severe. In some cases, symptoms are so minimal that no treatment is necessary. Even in moderately severe cases, with treatment, most people can continue to work and live independently.

763) Myasthenia Gravis Crisis

Is a complication of myasthenia gravis characterized by worsening of muscle weakness, resulting in respiratory failure that requires intubation and mechanical ventilation. Advances in critical care have improved the mortality rate associated with myasthenic crisis. Muscle weakness and fatigue may vary rapidly in intensity over days or even hours and worsen as muscles are used (early fatigue) Facial muscle involvement causing a mask-like appearance; a smile may appear more like a snarl. Trouble swallowing or pronouncing words. Weakness of the neck or limbs.

764) Myasthenia Gravis Neonatal

Neonatal myasthenia gravis (MG) is a temporary form of MG. Babies born to mothers with MG are susceptible to it. It is an antibody-mediated disorder caused by the transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies. Approximately three-quarter of the mothers with myasthenia gravis posses anti-acetylcholine receptor (anti-AChR) antibodies. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition of the neuromuscular system that’s characterized by impaired communication between the nerves and muscles. This condition leads to weakness in the skeletal muscles.

765) Myasthenic Syndrome

Is a group of conditions characterized by muscle weakness (myasthenia) that worsens with physical exertion. The muscle weakness typically begins in early childhood but can also appear in adolescence or adulthood. The most common symptoms of CMS include: Muscle weakness that is brought on by activity or exercise; Eyelid drooping which can come and go; Facial and throat muscle weakness; Delay of motor development. Myasthenic crisis is a life-threatening complication of myasthenia gravis. It’s when the muscles that you use to breathe get so weak that you can’t get air in and out of your lungs. It isn’t the same as a myasthenia gravis flare, an all-over muscle weakness that may cause double vision or a wobbly walk.

766) Myelitis

Is inflammation of the spinal cord which can disrupt the normal responses from the brain to the rest of the body, and from the rest of the body to the brain. Inflammation in the spinal cord, can cause the myelin and axon to be damaged resulting in symptoms such as paralysis and sensory loss. Four classic symptoms of transverse myelitis: weakness in the arms/legs; sensory symptoms such as numbness or tingling; pain and discomfort; bladder dysfunction and/or bowel motility problems.

767) Myelitis Transverse

Is an inflammation of both sides of one section of the spinal cord. This neurological disorder often damages the insulating material covering nerve cell fibers (myelin). Transverse myelitis interrupts the messages that the spinal cord nerves send throughout the body. Four classic symptoms of transverse myelitis: weakness in the arms/legs; sensory symptoms such as numbness or tingling; pain and discomfort; bladder dysfunction and/or bowel motility problems.

768) Myocardial Infarction

Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) A heart attack (medically known as a myocardial infarction) is a deadly medical emergency where your heart muscle begins to die because it isn’t getting enough blood flow. This is usually caused by a blockage in the arteries that supply blood to your heart. Myocardial infarction (MI) usually results from an imbalance in oxygen supply and demand, which is most often caused by plaque rupture with thrombus formation in an epicardial coronary artery, resulting in an acute reduction of blood supply to a portion of the myocardium. The symptoms of heart attack; Chest pain or discomfort; Feeling weak, light-headed, or faint; Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, or back; Pain or discomfort in one or both arms or shoulders; Shortness of breath.

769) Myocarditis

Myocarditis is rare, but when it occurs, it is most commonly caused by an infection in the body. Infections from viruses (most common, including those that cause the common cold, influenza or COVID-19), bacteria, fungus or parasites can lead to myocardial inflammation. Some things that can cause myocarditis include:Coxsackie B viruses; Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); Cytomegalovirus (CMV); Hepatitis C; Herpes; HIV; Parvovirus; Chlamydia (a common sexually transmitted disease).

770) Myoclonic Epilepsy

Causes the muscles in the body to contract. This type of seizure causes quick jerking movements. Myoclonic seizures often happen in everyday life. This includes hiccups and a sudden jerk while falling asleep. They are characterized by a type of seizure that involves sudden, unintended muscle motions that are known as myoclonic jerks. This type of seizure is usually caused by genetic factors. The seizures usually begin in childhood, with the most common form known as juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Symptoms: quick jerking, often after waking up; rhythmic movements; sensation of an electric shock; unusual clumsiness.

771) Myoclonic Epilepsy And Ragged-Red Fibres

(MERRF) is a multisystem mitochondrial syndrome characterized by progressive myoclonus and seizures. Other features associated with MERRF include cerebellar ataxia, myopathy, cardiac arrhythmia, sensorineural hearing loss, optic atrophy, and dementia. People with mutations in the MT-TL1, MT-TH, or MT-TS1 gene typically have signs and symptoms of other mitochondrial disorders as well as those of MERRF. The MT-TK, MT-TL1, MT-TH, and MT-TS1 genes are contained in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This appearance is due to the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria below the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber. These may extend throughout the muscle fiber as the disease severity increases. The mitochondrial aggregates cause the contour of the muscle fiber to become irregular, causing the “ragged” appearance.

772) Myokymia

Is an involuntary, spontaneous, localized quivering of a few muscles, or bundles within a muscle, but which are insufficient to move a joint. One type is superior oblique myokymia. Myokymia of the lid is a unilateral and uncontrollable lid twitch or tic that is not caused by disease or pathology. Myokymia is thought to be brought on by stress and other similar issues and resolves on its own with time. It usually involves the lower eyelid and is self-limiting to a few days or a week.

773) Myositis

Means inflammation of the muscles that you use to move your body. An injury, infection, or autoimmune disease can cause it. Two specific kinds are polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Polymyositis causes muscle weakness, usually in the muscles closest to the trunk of your body. Early symptoms in patients with myositis include: Difficulty standing up from a seated position. Difficulty climbing stairs. Difficulty lifting the arms. Fatigue after standing or walking a long time. Trouble swallowing or breathing. Muscle pain that does not subside within a few weeks.

774) Narcolepsy

Is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming daytime drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep. People with narcolepsy often find it difficult to stay awake for long periods of time, regardless of the circumstances. There are 5 main symptoms of narcolepsy, referred to by the acronym CHESS (Cataplexy, Hallucinations, Excessive daytime sleepiness, Sleep paralysis, Sleep disruption). While all patients with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness, they may not experience all 5 symptoms.

775) Nasal Herpes

What is called nasal? The space inside the nose. The nasal cavity lies above the bone that forms the roof of the mouth and curves down at the back to join the throat. It is divided into two sections called nasal passages. Air moves through these passages during breathing. The HSV-1 virus can cause cold sores underneath the nose.

776) Nasal Obstruction

Is not a disease but rather a symptom of an underlying disorder that causes the nasal passages to be blocked or obstructed. Nasal congestion or stuffiness. Trouble breathing through your nose. Trouble sleeping. Unable to breathe well during exercise or exertion. If your nasal congestion is from a cold or flu, it will likely last as long your cold or flu (anywhere from five to 10 days) or even longer. If your nasal congestion is the result of allergies, it may last longer, depending on your exposure to that particular allergen.

777) Necrotising Herpetic Retinopathy

The retinal lesions of ARN are white-yellow patches of necrotizing retinitis that usually first appear in the far or midperiphery. With time, these patches become larger, increase in number, and coalesce. Without antiviral therapy, full-thickness necrosis of the entire peripheral retina will result. The retinal lesions of ARN are white-yellow patches of necrotizing retinitis that usually first appear in the far or midperiphery. With time, these patches become larger, increase in number, and coalesce. Without antiviral therapy, full-thickness necrosis of the entire peripheral retina will result.

778) Neonatal Crohn’s Disease

Common symptoms of pediatric Crohn’s disease are cramping, abdominal pain, and chronic episodes of watery diarrhea; blood may at times be seen in the diarrhea. Sometimes, affected individuals will have an urgent need to go to the bathroom and move their bowels.

779) Neonatal Epileptic Seizure

A seizure is caused by sudden, abnormal and excessive electrical activity in the brain. By definition, neonatal seizures occur during the neonatal period — for a full-term infant, the first 28 days of life. Most occur in the first one to two days to the first week of a baby’s life. Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy is the most common cause of neonatal seizures, with onset typically within the first 24-48 hours of life.

780) Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus

(NLE) refers to a clinical spectrum of cutaneous, cardiac, and systemic abnormalities observed in newborn infants whose mothers have autoantibodies against Ro/SSA and La/SSB. The condition is rare and usually benign and self-limited but sometimes may be associated with serious sequelae. The most common symptom associated with neonatal lupus is a rash that consists of reddish, ring-like skin lesions and resembles the rash associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.

781) Neonatal Mucocutaneous Herpes Simplex

(HSV-1 and HSV-2) are human pathogens that infect mucocutaneous surfaces, and can disseminate to the central nervous system (CNS) and visceral organs. More common manifestations of mucocutaneous HSV infection include gingivostomatitis, pharyngitis, keratitis, and genital ulcers.  following: Mucocutaneous vesicles. Sepsis-like illness (fever or hypothermia, irritability, lethargy, respiratory distress, apnea, abdominal distension, hepatomegaly, ascites)

782) Neonatal Pneumonia

Is lung infection in a neonate. Onset may be within hours of birth and part of a generalized sepsis syndrome or after 7 days and confined to the lungs. Signs may be limited to respiratory distress or progress to shock and death. Diagnosis is by clinical and laboratory evaluation for sepsis. Clinical signs are unspecific and present as respiratory distress of various degree, suspicious appearing tracheal aspirates, cough, apnea, high or low temperature, poor feeding, abdominal distension, and lethargy. Tachypnea is a predominant clinical sign, present in 60-89 % of cases.

783) Neonatal Seizure

Are a commonly encountered neurologic condition in neonates. They are defined as the occurrence of sudden, paroxysmal, abnormal alteration of electrographic activity at any point from birth to the end of the neonatal period. During this period, the neonatal brain is developmentally immature.

784) Nephritis

Is a condition in which the nephrons, the functional units of the kidneys, become inflamed. This inflammation, which is also known as glomerulonephritis, can adversely affect kidney function. The symptoms of acute nephritis: pain in the pelvis, pain or a burning sensation while urinating, a frequent need to urinate, cloudy urine, blood or pus in the urine, pain in the kidney area or abdomen, swelling of the body, commonly in the face, legs, and feet, vomiting.

785) Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis

Is a rare disease that occurs mainly in people with advanced kidney failure with or without dialysis. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis may resemble skin diseases, such as scleroderma and scleromyxedema, with thickening and darkening developing on large areas of the skin. Symptoms: Swelling and tightening of the skin. Reddened or darkened patches on the skin. Thickening and hardening of the skin, typically on the arms and legs and sometimes on the body, but almost never on the face or head. Skin that may feel “woody” and develop an orange-peel appearance.

786) Neuralgic Amyotrophy

Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy is a disorder characterized by episodes of severe pain and muscle wasting (amyotrophy) in one or both shoulders and arms. Neuralgic pain is felt along the path of one or more nerves and often has no obvious physical cause. In most cases, pain may persist for a few hours to a few weeks and is followed by wasting and weakness of the muscles (amyotrophy) in the affected areas.

787) Neuritis

Is inflammation of a nerve or the general inflammation of the peripheral nervous system. Inflammation, and frequently concomitant demyelination, cause impaired transmission of neural signals and leads to aberrant nerve function. Symptoms of neuritis will vary depending on which nerves are affected but typically include weakness, numbness, pain, tingling sensations, loss of reflexes, muscle atrophy, or sensory disturbances (e.g., vision, balance, hearing). These symptoms can be either temporary or permanent.

788) Neuritis Cranial

Neuropathy is a disorder that causes nerve damage and affects your ability to feel and move. Exactly how your body and your movement are affected depends on where in the body the damaged nerves are located. When nerves in the brain or brainstem are affected, it is called cranial neuropathy.  The symptoms of cranial neuropathies: Pain. A tingling sensation. Numbness. Skin that feels sensitive to the touch. Weak or paralyzed muscles.

789) Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

NMO is also known as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder or Devic’s disease. It occurs when your body’s immune system reacts against its own cells in the central nervous system, mainly in the optic nerves and spinal cord, but sometimes in the brain. The symptoms of neuromyelitis optica: Pain in the eyes. Loss of vision. Weakness or numbness in the arms and legs. Paralysis of the arms and legs. Difficulty controlling the bladder or bowels. Uncontrollable vomiting and hiccups.

790) Neuromyotonia

Is a rare condition of spontaneous and continuous muscle fibre activity of peripheral nerve origin. It represents the more severe phenotype of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, and when acquired is often associated with antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels. Symptoms: continuous contracting or twitching of muscles, muscle stiffness and cramping that worsens over time, increased or excessive sweating, muscle pain, delayed reflexes, gradual muscle loss, difficulty coordinating movements and walking, weight loss.

791) Neuronal Neuropathy

Neuropathy results when nerve cells, called neurons, are damaged or destroyed. This disrupts the way the neurons communicate with each other and with the brain. The symptoms of neuropathy: Tingling (“pins and needles”) or numbness, especially in the hands and feet. Sharp, burning, throbbing, stabbing or electric-like pain. Changes in sensation. Falling, loss of coordination.

792) Neuropathy Peripheral

A result of damage to the nerves located outside of the brain and spinal cord (peripheral nerves), often causes weakness, numbness and pain, usually in the hands and feet. It can also affect other areas and body functions including digestion, urination and circulation. The main symptoms of peripheral neuropathy can include: numbness and tingling in the feet or hands, burning, stabbing or shooting pain in affected areas, loss of balance and co-ordination, muscle weakness, especially in the feet.

793) Neuropathy, Ataxia, Retinitis Pigmentosa Syndrome

Neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa, also known as NARP syndrome, is a rare disease with mitochondrial inheritance that causes a variety of signs and symptoms chiefly affecting the nervous system. Beginning in childhood or early adulthood, most people with NARP experience numbness, tingling, or pain in the arms and legs (sensory neuropathy); muscle weakness; and problems with balance and coordination (ataxia).

794) Neuropsychiatric Lupus

Which is often referred to as central nervous system (CNS) lupus, can cause lupus patients to be afflicted with a variety of neuropsychiatric issues ranging from headaches and depression to seizures and a number of demyelinating conditions. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in lupus patients, and their recognition is important. There are five psychiatric symptoms according to the ACR classification: cognitive dysfunction, mood disorder, anxiety disorders, psychosis, and acute confusional state.

795) Neurosarcoidosis

Is a form of sarcoidosis. It is a long-term (chronic) disease of the central nervous system, which encompasses the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve, and is characterized by inflammation within one or more of those areas. If the condition is affecting the brain or cranial nerves, symptoms may include: Confusion, disorientation. Hearing loss. Dementia.Delirium. Dizziness, vertigo, or abnormal sensations of movement. Vision problems, such as double vision. Facial palsy, which is characterized by weakness or drooping of the facial muscles.

796) Neutropenia

Occurs when you have too few neutrophils, a type of white blood cells. While all white blood cells help your body fight infections, neutrophils are important for fighting certain infections, especially those caused by bacteria. You probably won’t know that you have neutropenia. Signs and symptoms of neutropenia: A fever, which is a temperature of 100.5°F (38°C) or higher. Chills or sweating. Sore throat, sores in the mouth, or a toothache. Abdominal pain. Pain near the anus. Pain or burning when urinating, or urinating often. Diarrhea or sores around the anus. A cough or shortness of breath.

797) Neutropenia Neonatal

Alloimmune neonatal neutropenia occurs due to maternal sensitization to a paternal antigen present on the neutrophils of her fetus, and produces specific antibodies that are transported across the placenta and cause neutropenia in fetus.

798) Neutropenic Colitis

Is a severe condition usually affecting immunocompromised patients. Its exact pathogenesis is not completely understood. The main elements in disease onset appear to be intestinal mucosal injury together with neutropenia and the weakened immune system of the afflicted patients. Symptoms include the following: Right-lower-quadrant abdominal pain, which may be cramping and intermittent or a continuous dull ache. Fever. Watery or bloody diarrhea, which occurs in about 25-45% of patients. Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal distention.

799) Neutropenic Infection

Neutropenia is a condition where your blood has low amounts of white blood cells called neutrophils. These cells are responsible for fighting infections. When your neutrophil count is extremely low, you have a high risk of getting an infection that your body can’t fight. Infections, including hepatitis, tuberculosis, sepsis, or Lyme disease.

800) Neutropenic Sepsis

Is a whole-body reaction to an infection. It’s a serious condition that can be life-threatening. It can happen when you have a low level of neutrophils and an infection at the same time. You may also hear it called febrile neutropenia. Signs and symptoms of neutropenic sepsis: reports of feeling generally unwell, flu-like symptoms, fever or low temperature, shivering, agitation, changes in behaviour, skin rash, pale, blotchy skin.

801) Nodular Rash

Nodular prurigo is a skin condition characterised by very itchy firm lumps. It is the most severe form of prurigo. It is not known why these lumps appear. It is also called ‘prurigo nodularis’. Nodular prurigo is very difficult to treat effectively.Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease where an extremely itchy, symmetrically distributed rash appears most commonly on the arms, legs, the upper back and/or the abdomen. The itch associated with PN is so severe that it often interferes with sleep and psychological wellbeing.

802) Nodular Vasculitis

(NV) is an uncommon form of panniculitis characterized by erythematous nodules or plaques located preferentially on the calves, which may ulcerate and drain. It has been regarded as a delayed hypersensitivity response to an antigenic stimulus, being originally associated with tuberculosis. It is a skin condition characterized by crops of small, tender, erythematous nodules on the legs, mostly on the calves and shins. Miroscopically there are epithelioid granulomas and vasculitis in the subcutaneous tissue, making it a form of panicullitis. Most of these cases are now thought to be manifestation of tuberculosis and indeed they respond well to anti-tuberculous treatment.

803) Noninfectious Myelitis

There are four classic symptoms of transverse myelitis: weakness in the arms/legs, sensory symptoms such as numbness or tingling, pain and discomfort,bladder dysfunction and/or bowel motility problems. There are four classic symptoms of transverse myelitis: weakness in the arms/legs, sensory symptoms such as numbness or tingling, pain and discomfort, bladder dysfunction and/or bowel motility problems.

804) Noninfective Encephalitis

Here are many causes, includingenteroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), West Nile and tick-borne viruses lead to viral encephalitis. the symptoms of autoimmune encephalitis: Impaired memory and understanding. Unusual and involuntary movements. Involuntary movements of the face (facial dyskinesia). Difficulty with balance, speech or vision. Insomnia. Weakness or numbness. Seizures. Severe anxiety or panic attacks.

805) Noninfective Encephalomyelitis

Bacterial infections and noninfectious inflammatory conditions also can cause encephalitis. In encephalitis, the brain itself is swollen or inflamed. Encephalopathy, on the other hand, refers to the mental state that can happen because of several types of health problems. But encephalitis can cause encephalopathy. It is most often due to a virus, such as: herpes simplex viruses, which cause cold sores (this is the most common cause of encephalitis) the varicella zoster virus, which causes chickenpox and shingles. measles, mumps and rubella viruses.

806) Noninfective Oophoritis

Autoimmune oophoritis is a rare cause of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). It happens when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the ovaries causing inflammation, atrophy and fibrosis. These changes stop the ovaries from working normally.

807) Obstetrical Pulmonary Embolism

When a clot breaks free and travels to the lungs, it becomes a medical emergency known as pulmonary embolism (PE). PE is rare, affecting approximately 1 in 7,000 pregnancies, according to Williams Obstetrics 25th edition. However, PE accounts for approximately 11% of maternal deaths.

808) Occupational Exposure To Communicable Disease

Mechanisms of occupational exposures include percutaneous injuries such as needlesticks, mucous membrane or non-intact skin contact via splashes or sprays, and inhalation of aerosols. HCP can also be exposed to infectious diseases in the community and risk transmitting them to others at work.

809) Occupational Exposure To Sars-Cov-2

Occupational exposure to severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and risk of infection among healthcare personnel.

810) Ocular Hyperaemia

Conjunctival hyperaemia is one of the most common findings in ophthalmologic practice. It is routinely described as a symptom of many ocular diseases such as conjunctivitis, uveitis, elevated intraocular pressure due to glaucoma, and ophthalmic side effects. It is one of the most common contributors of ocular complaints that prompts visits to medical centers. The rapid onset of pain is often accompanied by significant conjunctival injection, tearing, photophobia, blepharospasm, and decreased vision. Discharge, so often associated with conjunctivitis, is not usually present other than in some cases of purulent bacterial keratitis.

811) Ocular Myasthenia

Gravis only affects the muscles that move the eyes and eyelids. The symptoms of ocular myasthenia gravis include double vision (seeing two images instead of one), trouble focusing, and drooping eyelids. On the other hand, generalized myasthenia gravis affects muscles throughout the body. But for most people, the weakness spreads to other parts of the body over a few weeks, months or years. If you’ve had symptoms affecting your eyes for 2 years or more, it’s unusual for other parts of your body to be affected later on.

812) Ocular Pemphigoid

(OCP) is a form of mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) that features chronic, relapsing-remitting bilateral conjunctivitis. Ultimately, patients affected by this autoimmune disease will experience conjunctival cicatrization or scarring. Pemphigoid is a chronic scarring disease of the conjunctiva. It may be caused by drugs or eye drops but in most patients it is caused by too much activity of the immune system damaging the tissue under the conjunctiva.

813) Ocular Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is one of the leading causes of inflammatory eye disease. Ocular sarcoidosis can involve any part of the eye and its adnexal tissues, and may cause uveitis, episcleritis/scleritis, eyelid abnormalities, conjunctival granuloma, optic neuropathy, lacrimal gland enlargement and orbital inflammation. Untreated pulmonary sarcoidosis can lead to permanent scarring in your lungs (pulmonary fibrosis), making it difficult to breathe and sometimes causing pulmonary hypertension. Eyes. Inflammation can affect almost any part of your eye and may cause damage to the retina, which can eventually cause blindness.

814) Ocular Vasculitis

Retinal vasculitis is characterized by inflammation of the vessels of the retina. Retinal vasculitis can occur in association with an underlying infectious or systemic disease, as part of an ocular disease, or it can be idiopathic.The most common symptoms include blurred or decreased vision, floaters, and scotomata, although the disease may be asymptomatic. Causes of poor outcome of retinal vasculitis are multifactorial and prediction of visual acuity is difficult as the course of the disease may vary.

815) Oculofacial Paralysis

Congenital oculofacial paralysis, and infantile nuclear aplasia are designations which refer to a rare clinical entity consisting of paralysis or paresis of both external rectus muscles and the muscles of the face. Up to the present time less than 100 cases have been recorded in the literature.

816) Oedema

Is fluid retention. It used to be called dropsy. Oedema can be most easily seen around the ankles after you’ve been standing (peripheral oedema). After lying down for a while, your eyes may look puffy and swollen. In severe cases, oedema can also collect in your lungs and make you short of breath. It is caused by excess fluid becoming trapped in the body’s tissues, and this is often caused by fluid leaking from the bloodstream. Therefore, many of the causes of oedema have to do with things that affect the patient’s circulation. Factors that can lead to oedema include: Eating a lot of salt.

817) Oedema Due To Hepatic Disease

Patients with advanced cirrhosis show an abnormal regulation of extracellular fluid volume, resulting in the accumulation of fluid as ascites or edema. As portal hypertension develops, splanchnic arterial vasodilation also does due mainly to the production of nitric oxide (NO).

818) Oedema Mouth

Episodes of angio-oedema cause swelling of deeper skin tissues, most commonly around the eyes and mouth. Sometimes the tongue and throat are affected which may affect breathing. Other parts of the body such as hands, feet and genital areas may be affected less commonly.

819) Oesophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia, often referred to simply as achalasia, is a failure of smooth muscle fibers to relax, which can cause the lower esophageal sphincter to remain closed. Without a modifier, “achalasia” usually refers to achalasia of the esophagus.

820) Ophthalmic Artery Thrombosis

(OA) is an artery of the head. It is the first branch of the internal carotid artery distal to the cavernous sinus. Branches of the ophthalmic artery supply all the structures in the orbit around the eye, as well as some structures in the nose, face, and meninges. It is usually associated with sudden painless loss of vision in one eye. The area of the retina affected by the blocked vessels determines the area and extent of visual loss. The main artery supplying blood to the eye is the ophthalmic artery; when it is blocked, it produces the most damage.

821) Ophthalmic Herpes Simplex

Herpes simplex eye infections are a potentially serious type of eye infection. They’re caused by a virus called herpes simplex – usually the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which also causes cold sores. The problem may be caused by herpes simplex keratitis if your doctor sees these symptoms: Pain in and around only one eye. Redness of the eye. Decreased vision. Feeling of dirt or “grit” in the eye. Overflowing tears. Pain when looking at bright light. Swelling or cloudiness of the cornea.

822) Ophthalmic Herpes Zoster

(HZO), also known as ophthalmic zoster, is shingles involving the eye or the surrounding area. Common signs include a rash of the forehead with swelling of the eyelid. There may also be eye pain and redness, inflammation of the conjunctiva, cornea or uvea, and sensitivity to light. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus occurs when reactivation of the latent virus in the trigeminal ganglia involves the ophthalmic division of the nerve. The virus damages the eye and surrounding structures by secondary perineural and intraneural inflammation of sensory nerves.

823) Ophthalmic Vein Thrombosis

Superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis (SOVT) is a rare vision and life-threatening complication with many underlying etiologies such as infectious and inflammatory orbital disease, trauma, neoplasm, and a hypercoagulable state. Presenting signs of SOVT are caused by venous congestion and may include painful proptosis, eyelid swelling, ptosis, impairment in motility, and vision loss.

824) Optic Neuritis

Occurs when swelling (inflammation) damages the optic nerve — a bundle of nerve fibers that transmits visual information from your eye to your brain. Common symptoms of optic neuritis include pain with eye movement and temporary vision loss in one eye. The symptoms of optic neuritis will usually go away on their own without medical treatment. However, continuing to take regular MS disease-modulating medication will help. Doctors may also recommend additional treatments in some cases to help speed up recovery.

825) Optic Neuropathy

Is a catch-all term that refers to damage inflicted on the optic nerve in your eye. This is the nerve in the back of the eyeball that transfers visual information from your eye to the brain, allowing you to see. This condition is one that gets worse over time, when not treated. Optic Neuropathy Symptoms: Seeing flashing or flickering lights when moving the eyes. Colors may appear less bold or vivid than they normally do. You may lose vision in one eye, either fully or partially. Optic neuropathy patients often experience pain in the face and eye socket.

826) Optic Perineuritis

(OPN) is a rare form of orbital inflammatory disease targeting the optic nerve sheath. OPN usually presents with minor visual impairment, optic disc edema, and visual field abnormalities that include arcuate defects and peripheral island defects. OPN are ocular pain, decreased vision, and visual field defects and orbital MRI with abnormal enhancement around the optic nerve sheath.

827) Oral Herpes

Is an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. The virus causes painful sores on your lips, gums, tongue, roof of your mouth, and inside your cheeks. It also can cause symptoms such as fever and muscle aches. In oral herpes, most blisters appear on the lips or mouth. They can also form elsewhere on the face, especially around the chin and below the nose, or on the tongue. At first, the sores look similar to small bumps or pimples before developing into pus-filled blisters. These may be red, yellow or white.

828) Oral Lichen Planus

(LIE-kun PLAY-nus) is an ongoing (chronic) inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus may appear as white, lacy patches; red, swollen tissues; or open sores. These lesions may cause burning, pain or other discomfort. Oral lichen planus is a chronic condition. There is no cure, so the treatment focuses on helping severe lesions heal and reducing pain or other discomfort. One of these forms may be recommended: Topical. Mouthwash, ointment or gel is applied directly to the mucous membrane — the preferred method. Oral. Injection.

829) Oropharyngeal Oedema

Abnormal accumulation of fluid leading to swelling of the pharynx. Oedema is swelling caused by the accumulation of fluid in a part of the body. It is often accompanied by inflammation. Oedema usually affects the feet, ankles and legs, although it can occur anywhere in the body. ​​Oedema can be dangerous if untreated, particularly if you get fluid retention in the lungs. However, providing the underlying condition is recognised and treated, the outlook is generally very good. Most oedema is due to standing too long on a hot day, especially if you are overweight.

830) Oropharyngeal Spasm

People with cricopharyngeal spasm describe feeling as though a large object is stuck in their throat. This can be accompanied by choking or tightening sensations. Cricopharyngeal spasm pain is usually worse between meals. Symptoms tend to disappear while you’re eating or drinking.

831) Oropharyngeal Swelling

Oropharyngeal is the part of the throat at the back of the mouth behind the oral cavity. It includes the back third of the tongue, the soft palate, the side and back walls of the throat, and the tonsils. Infections of the tissues of and around the mouth itself can result in swelling. Bacterial infection: A bacterial infection can cause an abscess, which is a painful, infected lump inside the mouth. Cold sores: A viral infection or “cold sore” can cause the roof of the mouth to swell at the same time the sore appears.

832) Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome

(ODS) is brain cell dysfunction. It is caused by the destruction of the layer (myelin sheath) covering nerve cells in the middle of the brainstem (pons). Symptoms of osmotic demyelination (eg, dysarthria, dysphagia, seizures, altered mental status, quadriparesis, hypotension) typically begin 1-5 days after correction of serum sodium level. The condition is typically irreversible and often devastating.

833) Ovarian Vein Thrombosis

(OVT) is a rare condition most often seen in the immediate postpartum period. The dominant symptom of clinically significant ovarian vein thrombosis is a pain in the lower abdomen / right lower quadrant pain and fever, which usually appears approximately ten days postpartum with no response to antibiotic treatment. There may occasionally be a palpable mass felt in the right iliac fossa. Ovarian vein thrombosis (OVT) is a rare condition most often seen in the immediate postpartum period. OVT has been reported in approximately 0.05–0.18% of vaginal births and in 2% of births by Caesarean section 1. Typical symptoms include fever, abdominal mass and pelvic pain 2.

834) Overlap Syndrome

Is a medical condition which shares features of at least two more widely recognised disorders. Examples of overlap syndromes can be found in many medical specialties such as overlapping connective tissue disorders in rheumatology, and overlapping genetic disorders in cardiology. Key diagnostic factors: digital pallor/pain, arthritis/arthralgia, swollen hands, sclerodactyly, nail fold vascular changes, dyspnea or cough, GERD and heartburn, myalgias or myositis.

835) Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Streptococcal Infection

Is short for Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections. A child may be diagnosed with PANDAS when: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), tic disorder, or both suddenly appear following a streptococcal (strep) infection, such as strep throat or scarlet fever. An autoimmune response to a streptococcal infection is the leading theory as to the cause of PANDAS. It is diagnosed if there is a history of abrupt development of a number of neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with a group A streptococcal (the type of bacteria causing strep throat) infection.

836) Paget-Schroetter Syndrome

Paget–Schroetter disease (also known as venous thoracic outlet syndrome), is a form of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a medical condition in which blood clots form in the deep veins of the arms. These DVTs typically occur in the axillary and/or subclavian veins. Swelling and arm discomfort are the most frequent presenting problems. Other symptoms include heaviness, redness of arm, cyanosis and dilated, visible veins across the shoulder and upper arm (Urschel’s sign). Symptom onset is usually acute or sub-acute but an occasional patient can present with chronic symptoms.

837) Palindromic Rheumatism

Is a form of inflammatory arthritis. It causes attacks or flare-ups of joint pain and inflammation that come and go. The joints look and feel normal between attacks, and the attacks don’t cause any lasting damage to the joints. (PR) is an autoimmune related disease characterized by sudden, multiple, and recurring attacks of joint pain and swelling, typically in the hands and feet.

838) Palisaded Neutrophilic Granulomatous Dermatitis

(PNGD) is an inflammatory cutaneous disorder of unknown etiology that usually manifests as skin-colored to erythematous papules or plaques on the extremities (picture 1A-B). PNGD typically occurs in association with systemic disease.

839) Palmoplantar Keratoderma

(PPK) is a group of skin conditions characterized by thickening of the skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. PPK can also be a feature of various underlying syndromes. In rare forms of PPK, organs other than the skin may also be affected. Signs and symptoms of punctate palmoplantar keratoderma type 1 tend to become evident between the ages of 10 to 30 years. Symptoms include multiple tiny, hard, round bumps of thickened skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. These bumps may join to form calluses on pressure points, which may cause pain.

840) Palpable Purpura

Is a condition where purpura, which constitutes visible non-blanching hemorrhages, are raised and able to be touched or felt upon palpation. It indicates some sort of vasculitis secondary to a serious disease. (raised purple-red spots) pain and burning. Itchiness. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), formerly referred to as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, is a form of purpura with an unknown cause. Patients with ITP experience platelet destruction in the bloodstream. This leaves them more at risk of the bleeding that creates purpura’s typical rash.

841) Pancreatitis

Is inflammation of the pancreas. The pancreas is a long, flat gland that sits tucked behind the stomach in the upper abdomen. The pancreas produces enzymes that help digestion and hormones that help regulate the way your body processes sugar (glucose). Acute pancreatitis signs and symptoms include: Upper abdominal pain. Abdominal pain that radiates to your back. Tenderness when touching the abdomen. Fever. Rapid pulse. Nausea. Vomiting.

842) Panencephalitis

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). The disease may develop due to reactivation of the measles virus or an inappropriate immune response to the measles virus. Parent Disease: Neurological disorder. Type of infectious agent: Virus.  Signs & Symptoms:  Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a progressive disease which results in personality changes, outbursts of temper, sleeplessness, disorientation, stupor, spasticity, loss of previously acquired intellectual skills, poor memory and judgment (dementia), and general neurological deterioration.

843) Papillophlebitis

(PP) is a rare condition that may present clinically like an incomplete central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Clinically, papillophlebitis is characterized by mild but protracted monocular visual impairment, edema of the optic disc, retinal venous engorgement, and perivenous retinal hemorrhages that often resemble the atherosclerotic occlusion of the central retinal vein typically seen in elderly patients.

844) Paradoxical Embolism

(PDE) occurs when a thrombus crosses an intracardiac defect into the systemic circulation. Patients may present with symptoms based on the site of the resultant embolization. These sites can include the brain, heart, gastrointestinal tract, or extremities. PE may present physically with the following: Tachypnea. Hypotension. Central cyanosis. Tachycardia. Low-grade fever. Jugular venous distention. Accentuated pulmonic component of the second heart sound. New-onset atrial fibrillation (sometimes a subtle sign of PE).

845) Parainfluenzae Viral Laryngotracheobronchitis

Different Types of HPIVs. HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 both cause croup, with HPIV-1 most often identified as the cause in children. Both can also cause upper and lower respiratory illness, and cold-like symptoms. HPIV-3 is more often associated with bronchiolitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Laryngotracheobronchitis (ie, croup) is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract that causes varying degrees of airway obstruction but that, with aggressive emergent management, only infrequently requires hospital admission.

846) Paraneoplastic Dermatomyositis

Is an uncommon idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that can manifest as a paraneoplastic syndrome of an underlying malignancy. Here, we report a case of a patient who presented with breast cancer and DM symptoms.DM is progressive symmetric weakness of proximal limbs and anterior flexor muscles of the neck, dermatological signs including heliotropic rash, poikiloderma, Grotton’s papules, and dermatitis on elbows, knees or feet, necrosis of type 1 and 2 on muscle biopsy, abnormal electromyography, and elevated muscle enzyme levels. Some cases present with alterations in nail bed vascularity and periungal hyperemia due to microhemorrhages and capillary enlargement.

847) Paraneoplastic Pemphigus

(PNP) is a fatal autoimmune blistering disease associated with an underlying malignancy. It is a newly recognized blistering disease, which was first recognized in 1990 by Dr Anhalt who described an atypical pemphigus with associated neoplasia. Paraneoplastic conditions occur in association with malignancies (cancer). Paraneoplastic pemphigus is characterised by painful blisters and denuded areas of the mouth, lips, oesophagus and skin. It is the least common but most serious form of pemphigus, particularly considering the presence of the underlying cancer.

848) Paraneoplastic Thrombosis

Site of Cancer. The primary site of the cancer is frequently identified as a risk factor for VTE, with cancers of the pancreas, uterus, lung, stomach, and kidney, and primary brain tumours associated with an increased risk of VTE. Paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system are a group of uncommon disorders that develop in some people who have cancer. Paraneoplastic syndromes can also affect other organ systems including hormones (endocrine), skin (dermatologic), blood (hematologic) and joints (rheumatologic).

849) Paresis Cranial Nerve

A palsy is a lack of function of a nerve. A cranial nerve palsy may cause a partial weakness or complete paralysis of the areas served by the affected nerve. A palsy of the 3rd cranial nerve can impair eye movements, the response of pupils to light, or both. These palsies can occur when pressure is put on the nerve or the nerve does not get enough blood. Microvascular cranial nerve palsy can cause double vision, droopy eyelid, and other problems with eyesight. Third nerve palsy can cause an eyelid to sag and droop, double vision, trouble moving the eye, and a pupil that is bigger than normal. Fourth nerve palsy causes the eye or eyes to turn abnormally.

850) Parietal Cell Antibody Positive

The parietal cells make and release a substance that the body needs to absorb vitamin B12. Antiparietal cell antibodies is a test that measures the presence of antibodies against gastric parietal cells. Ninety percent of people with pernicious anemia test positive for antiparietal cell antibodies. A positive result indicates the presence of IgG antibodies to H(+)/K(+) ATPase and maybe suggestive of pernicious anemia (PA) or a related autoimmune disease.

851) Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria

(PNH) is a rare, acquired, life-threatening disease of the blood. The disease is characterized by destruction of red blood cells, blood clots, and impaired bone marrow function. PNH is closely related to aplastic anemia. PNH arises in the setting of autoimmune bone marrow failure, as occurs in most cases of acquired aplastic anemia. Researchers believe that defective PNH stem cells survive the misguided attack by the immune system and multiply, while healthy stem cells are destroyed, resulting in the development of PNH. Symptoms: Abdominal, chest, and lumbar pain and symptoms of severe anemia may occur; gross hemoglobinuria and splenomegaly are common. Manifestations of vascular thrombosis depend on the affected vessel and can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain or headache, in addition to leg or arm swelling.

852) Partial Seizures

Occur when this electrical activity remains in a limited area of the brain. The seizures can sometimes turn into generalized seizures, which affect the whole brain. This is called secondary generalization. Partial seizures can be divided into: Simple, not affecting awareness or memory. Symptoms of simple partial seizures are: Muscle tightening. Unusual head movements. Blank stares. Eyes moving from side to side. Numbness. Tingling. Skin crawling (like ants crawling on the skin). Hallucinations seeing, smelling, or hearing things that are not there.

853) Partial Seizures With Secondary Generalisation

Secondary generalization occurs when partial seizures spread to both sides of the brain, which results in tonic-clonic seizures and loss of consciousness. Secondary generalization is a phenomenon in which the seizure starts focally and ends with bilateral motor activity. Clinically, it may start with confusion, a somatosensory aura, or focal twitching and proceed at varying rates and with varying symptoms to a convulsion that may be tonic, clonic, or both.

854) Patient Isolation

According to the CDC, isolation is the act of separating a sick individual with a contagious disease from healthy individuals without that contagious disease in order to protect the general public from exposure of a contagious disease. There are three categories of Transmission-Based Precautions: Contact Precautions, Droplet Precautions, and Airborne Precautions.

855) Pelvic Venous Thrombosis

Occurs when a blood clot occurs that obstructs the blood flow in one of your pelvic veins. Blood clots in the pelvic veins can be very serious because they not only have the potential to cause localized problems, they may also break loose and travel to the lungs. Symptoms include pelvic pain, back pain, fever, vomiting, nausea, chills, and at times, a ropelike mass that can be felt in the abdomen.

856) Pemphigoid

Is a rare autoimmune disorder that can develop at any age, including in kids, but that most often affects the elderly. Pemphigoid is caused by a malfunction of the immune system and results in skin rashes and blistering on the legs, arms, and abdomen. Bullous pemphigoid is caused by a problem with the immune system (the body’s defence against infection). The signs and symptoms of bullous pemphigoid may include: Itching skin, weeks or months before blisters form. Large blisters that don’t easily rupture when touched, often along creases or folds in the skin. Skin around the blisters that is normal, reddish or darker than normal. Eczema or a hive-like rash.

857) Pemphigus

Is a rare skin disorder characterized by blistering of your skin and mucous membranes. The most common type is pemphigus vulgaris, which involves painful sores and blisters on your skin and in your mouth. Pemphigus affects the outer of the skin (epidermis) and causes lesions and blisters that are easily ruptured. Pemphigoid affects a lower layer of the skin, between the epidermis and the dermis, creating tense blisters that do not break easily. Sometimes pemphigoid may look like hives or eczema without blisters.Pemphigus is an autoimmune disorder. With an autoimmune condition, proteins in your immune system called antibodies attack your body’s own cells. The particular autoimmune reaction involved with pemphigus causes blisters.

858) Penile Vein Thrombosis

Thrombosis of the dorsal vein of the penis is a rare disorder that tends to affect males in the age range of 21–70 years old. Correctly diagnosing this benign condition is imperative so that the physician can allay the patient’s fears of having a sexually transmitted disease, erectile dysfunction, or cancer. Blood clots can cause pain along with visibly enlarged penis veins. You may notice the pain more when you get an erection. The affected veins may feel firm or tender to the touch even when your penis is flaccid.

859) Pericarditis

Is swelling and irritation of the thin, saclike tissue surrounding the heart (pericardium). Pericarditis often causes sharp chest pain. The chest pain occurs when the irritated layers of the pericardium rub against each other. Pericarditis is usually mild and goes away without treatment. A common symptom of acute pericarditis is a sharp, stabbing chest pain, usually coming on quickly. It’s often is in the middle or left side of the chest, and there may be pain in one or both shoulders. Sitting up and leaning forward tends to ease the pain, while lying down and breathing deep worsens it.

860) Pericarditis Lupus

Is the most common heart problem associated with active lupus and occurs in about 25% of people with SLE. The condition occurs when the pericardium—the thin membrane surrounding your heart—becomes swollen and irritated, causing it to leak fluid around the heart. Examples of autoimmune diseases associated with pericarditis include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Behçet’s disease. Autoinflammatory syndromes are rare and usually inherited. The most common in which pericarditis occurs is familial Mediterranean fever (FMF).

861) Perihepatic Discomfort

Right upper quadrant abdominal pain is caused by perihepatic inflammation and adhesion formation between the anterior surface of the liver and the abdominal wall. The pain is usually worse with movement and breathing, thereby mimicking other acute abdominal pathologies. Perihepatitis (hepatic capsular enhancement) is defined as inflammation of the peritoneal capsule of the liver.

862) Periorbital Oedema

Periorbital edema is a term for swelling around the eyes. The area around the eyes is called the eye socket or eye orbit. Clogged or malfunctioning tear glands can cause inflammation around the eyes. An obstruction of part of the heart called the superior vena cava can cause blood to build up in body parts above the heart, resulting in periorbital edema. Also called pink eye, this viral disease causes inflammation and redness of the eyes.

863) Periorbital Swelling

Clogged or malfunctioning tear glands can cause inflammation around the eyes. An obstruction of part of the heart called the superior vena cava can cause blood to build up in body parts above the heart, resulting in periorbital edema. Also called pink eye, this viral disease causes inflammation and redness of the eyes. Periorbital edema is a term for swelling around the eyes. The area around the eyes is called the eye socket or eye orbit. Sometimes people refer to this condition as periorbital puffiness or puffy eyes. You can have periorbital edema in just one eye or both at the same time.

864) Peripheral Artery Thrombosis

When PVD affects only the arteries and not the veins, it is called peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The main forms that PVD may take include blood clots (for example, deep vein thrombosis or DVT), swelling (inflammation), or narrowing and blockage of the blood vessels. Arterial thrombosis is a blood clot in an artery, which can be very serious because it can stop blood reaching important organs. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body and the heart muscle.

865) Peripheral Embolism

An arterial embolism may be caused by one or more clots. The clots can get stuck in an artery and block blood flow. The blockage starves tissues of blood and oxygen. This can result in damage or tissue death (necrosis). In 134 major peripheral emboli involving 160 limbs in 114 patients, the limb survival rate was 85% and the hospital mortality rate was 30%.

866) Peripheral Ischaemia

Ischemia is characterized by impaired blood supply to the tissues. Peripheral ischemia may result from many clinical reasons such as narrowed, blocked, or clotted arteries, which subsequently starve tissues of the necessary nutrients and oxygen. Myocardial ischemia results from improper blood supply to the heart. Peripheral Vascular Disease Symptoms: Buttock pain. Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs. Burning or aching pain in the feet or toes while resting. A sore on a leg or a foot that will not heal. One or both legs or feet feeling cold or changing color (pale, bluish, dark reddish). Loss of hair on the legs. Impotence.

867) Peripheral Vein Thrombus Extension

A peripheral venous catheter is a thin, flexible tube that is inserted into a vein. It is usually inserted into the lower part of the arm or the back of the hand. It is used to give intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, chemotherapy, and other drugs. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one or more of the deep veins in your body, usually in your legs. Deep vein thrombosis can cause leg pain or swelling but also can occur with no symptoms. You can get DVT if you have certain medical conditions that affect how your blood clots.

868) Periportal Oedema

Periportal halos which may be due to blood are commonly seen in patients with liver trauma. Periportal edema may cause this sign in patients with congestive heart failure and secondary liver congesion, hepatitis, or enlarged lymph nodes and tumors in the porta hepatis which obstruct lymphatic drainage.

869) Peritoneal Fluid Protein Abnormal

Abnormal appearances may give clues to conditions or diseases present and may include: Yellow with liver disease, milky from obstruction of the lymphatic system, and greenish from bile. Reddish peritoneal fluid may indicate the presence of blood, most often due to trauma.

870) Peritoneal Fluid Protein Decreased

Peritoneal fluid is a normal, lubricating fluid found in the peritoneal cavity—the space between the layers of tissue that line the belly’s wall and the abdominal organs (such as the liver, spleen, gall bladder, and stomach).

871) Peritoneal Fluid Protein Increased

Physical characteristics—fluid generally appears clear or straw-colored. Protein—less than 3 g/dL. Albumin level—low (typically evaluated as the difference between serum albumin and peritoneal fluid albumin, termed serum-ascites albumin gradient, or SAAG; values above 1.1 g/dL are considered evidence of a transudate.) Analysis of the ascitic fluid in both patients revealed a high protein content and an elevated serum-ascites gradient. Various studies showed the cause of the ascites to be constrictive pericardial disease.

872) Peritonitis Lupus

Chronic Lupus Peritonitis Is Characterized by the Ascites with a Large Content of Interleukin-6. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease and can cause multi-organ damage. Peritoneal involvement, also called lupus peritonitis, is a rare but sometimes fatal manifestation. Acute lupus peritonitis appeared during generalized lupus flare, with nausea, vomiting, frequent diarrhea, and abdominal tenderness with rebound and guarding.

873) Pernicious Anaemia

Is an autoimmune condition that affects your stomach. An autoimmune condition means your immune system, the body’s natural defence system that protects against illness and infection, attacks your body’s healthy cells. Vitamin B12 is combined with a protein called intrinsic factor in your stomach. Symptoms of pernicious anemia may include fatigue, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, jaundice or pallor, tingling and numbness of hands and feet, loss of appetite, diarrhea, unsteadiness when walking, bleeding gums, impaired sense of smell, and confusion. It is one of the causes of vitamin B12 deficiency, is an autoimmune condition that prevents your body from absorbing vitamin B12. Left untreated, pernicious anemia can cause serious medical issues, including irreversible damage to your nervous system.

874) Petit Mal Epilepsy

Epilepsy characterized by mild seizures marked by diminished awareness usually with a blank stare but not by loss of consciousness also : one of these seizures — compare grand mal. An absence seizure, which used to be called a “petit mal”, is where you lose awareness of your surroundings for a short time. They mainly affect children, but can happen at any age. Absences: stare blankly into space, look like they’re “daydreaming”, flutter their eyes,make slight jerking movements of their body or limbs.

875) Pharyngeal Oedema

Laryngeal edema is caused by several conditions, including a viral or bacterial infection known as acute epiglottitis,^[1,2] allergic reactions such as angioedema or anaphylaxis in association with ingesting of foods or drugs, and trauma of the larynx. The clinical signs of laryngeal edema were dysphagia; the sensation of a lump in the throat; a feeling of tightness in the throat; voice changes, including hoarseness and roughness; and dyspnea. In patients with progressed laryngeal edema, mostly fear of asphyxiation and aphonia also occurred.

876) Pharyngeal Swelling

Pharyngitis is caused by swelling in the back of the throat (pharynx) between the tonsils and the voice box (larynx). Most sore throats are caused by colds, the flu, coxsackie virus or mono (mononucleosis). Bacteria that can cause pharyngitis in some cases: Strep throat is caused by group A streptococcus. When bacteria or viruses get into your throat, they can cause an infection that makes your pharynx swollen, tender, and red. This is called pharyngitis. Often, Group A strep bacteria cause pharyngitis, known as strep throat.

877) Pityriasis Lichenoides Et Varioliformis Acuta

(PLEVA), or Mucha-Habermann disease (MHD), is a cutaneous disorder evident with crops of erythematous macules and papules, usually on the trunk and flexural areas of the extremities. Its etiology remains unknown. The etiology is uncertain but may be related to a hypersensitivity reaction to various infectious agents or drugs. It has also been associated with autoimmune disease. PLEVA is associated with the appearance of numerous, small papules that ulcerate and heal, leaving behind smallpox-like (varioliformis) scars. PLEVA is characterized by the sudden onset of red patches that quickly develop into scaling papules. Some people report having had infectious symptoms (such as a respiratory infection) prior to the onset. The papules may become filled with blood and/or pus or erode into crusted red-brown spots.

878) Placenta Praevia

Is when the placenta attaches inside the uterus but in an abnormal position near or over the cervical opening. Symptoms include vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy. The bleeding is bright red and tends not to be associated with pain. Some of the possible causes and risk factors of placenta previa include: Low implantation of the fertilised egg. Abnormalities of the uterine lining, such as fibroids. Scarring of the uterine lining (endometrium). Symptoms: Bright red bleeding from the vagina during the second half of your pregnancy. It can range from light to heavy, and it’s often painless. Contractions along with the bleeding. You might feel the cramping or tightening that comes with contractions, or feel pressure in your back.

879) Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis

(PPFE) is a rare lung disease, usually associated with scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs. It tends to affect the upper lobes of the lungs and cause scarring to the area beneath the lung lining (the pleura) and the lung (parenchyma) itself. The cause of idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis is unknown, but clinical data suggest a link to recurrent pulmonary infection. Genetic and autoimmune mechanisms are also thought to play a role in this disease. The main symptoms are nonproductive cough and exertional dyspnea, which are also observed in IPF. Such symptoms appear insidiously. Chest pain due to pneumothorax may be the first symptom in some patients. Many patients complain of weight loss.

880) Pneumobilia

Is the presence of gas in the biliary system. It is typically detected by ultrasound or a radiographic imaging exam, such as CT, or MRI. It is a common finding in patients that have recently undergone biliary surgery or endoscopic biliary procedure. The most common conditions associated with pneumobilia include: 1) a biliary-enteric surgical anastamosis, 2) an incompetent sphincter of Oddi, or 3) a spontaneous biliary-enteric fistula.

881) Pneumonia

Is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. A variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can cause pneumonia. The signs and symptoms of pneumonia may include: Cough, which may produce greenish, yellow or even bloody mucus. Fever, sweating and shaking chills. Shortness of breath. Rapid, shallow breathing. Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough.Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue.

882) Pneumonia Adenoviral

Adenoviruses are ubiquitous DNA viruses that cause a wide variety of illnesses, including pneumonia, in children and adults. Forty-one distinct human sero-types have been identified, yet only about six of these serotypes are associated with the majority of the cases of adenovirus-induced pneumonia. Symptoms: common cold or flu-like symptoms, fever, sore throat, acute bronchitis (inflammation of the airways of the lungs, sometimes called a “chest cold”), pneumonia (infection of the lungs), pink eye (conjunctivitis).

883) Pneumonia Cytomegaloviral

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can occur in people who have a suppressed immune system. Most people with acquired CMV have no noticeable symptoms, but if symptoms do occur, they may include: fever, night sweats, tiredness and uneasiness, sore throat, swollen glands, joint and muscle pain, low appetite and weight loss. CMV is a type of herpesvirus. Eight different herpesviruses infect people: Three herpesviruses—herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, and varicella-zoster… read more (herpesvirus type 5). Blood tests show that 60 to 90% of adults have had a CMV infection at some time.

884) Pneumonia Herpes Viral

HSV) pneumonia is rare and is usually seen in immunocompromised patients. Patients with hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) are at risk. Most of the cases of HSV pneumonia are caused by HSV-1; however, cases caused by HSV-2 have also been reported.

885) Pneumonia Influenzal

Influenza (flu) is a highly contagious viral infection that is one of the most severe illnesses of the winter season. Influenza is spread easily from person to person, usually when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Pneumonia is a serious infection or inflammation of the lungs. The signs and symptoms of pneumonia may include: Cough, which may produce greenish, yellow or even bloody mucus. Fever, sweating and shaking chills. Shortness of breath. Rapid, shallow breathing. Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough. Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue.

886) Pneumonia Measles

Pneumonia is a common complication of measles. People with compromised immune systems can develop an especially dangerous variety of pneumonia that is sometimes fatal. Encephalitis. About 1 in 1,000 people with measles develops a complication called encephalitis. Symptoms: Fever. Dry cough. Runny nose. Sore throat. Inflamed eyes (conjunctivitis). Tiny white spots with bluish-white centers on a red background found inside the mouth on the inner lining of the cheek — also called Koplik’s spots. A skin rash made up of large, flat blotches that often flow into one another.

887) Pneumonia Mycoplasmal

Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) is a type of bacteria that can cause many symptoms, including dry cough, fever, and mild shortness of breath on exertion. The Mycoplasma pneumonia bacterium is one of the most recognized of all human pathogens, and there are more than 200 different known species. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is spread from person to person from respiratory droplets, such as when someone coughs or sneezes. Someone can also touch something that has the bacteria on it, such as a door handle, and then touch their eye, nose or mouth and be infected. Typical symptoms include fever, cough, bronchitis, sore throat, headache and tiredness. A common result of mycoplasma infection is pneumonia (sometimes called “walking pneumonia” because it is usually mild and rarely requires hospitalization).

888) Pneumonia Necrotising

Is a severe form of community-acquired pneumonia characterized by rapid progression of consolidation to necrosis and cavitation which may lead to pulmonary gangrene. Morbidity and mortality are high and chronic sequelae are frequent. Lung necrosis (i.e. necrotising pneumonia) and lung abscess are complications of severe parenchymal infection. Necrotising pneumonia occurs when infected lung compresses and occludes alveolar capillaries, resulting in decreased vascular supply to the lung parenchyma. In necrotizing pneumonia, there is a substantial liquefaction following death of the lung tissue, which may lead to gangrene formation in the lung. In most cases patients with NP have fever, cough and bad breath, and those with more indolent infections have weight loss.

889) Pneumonia Parainfluenzae Viral

(HPIVs) commonly cause respiratory illnesses in infants and young children. But anyone can get HPIV illness. Symptoms may include fever, runny nose, and cough. Parainfluenza refers to a group of viruses called human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs). There are four viruses in this group. Each one causes different symptoms and illnesses. All forms of HPIV cause an infection in either the upper or lower respiratory area of a person’s body.

890) Pneumonia Respiratory Syncytial Viral

RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lung) and pneumonia (infection of the lungs) in children younger than 1 year of age in the United States. Know the symptoms to look for and how to care for people with RSV. Symptoms and Care: Runny nose. Decrease in appetite. Coughing. Sneezing. Fever. Wheezing.

891) Pneumonia Viral

Pneumonia is inflamed or swollen lung tissue due to infection with a germ. Viral pneumonia is caused by a virus, such as coronavirus. The signs and symptoms of pneumonia may include: Cough, which may produce greenish, yellow or even bloody mucus. Fever, sweating and shaking chills. Shortness of breath. Rapid, shallow breathing. Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough. Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue.

892) Poems Syndrome

Is a rare blood disorder that damages your nerves and affects other parts of your body. POEMS stands for these signs and symptoms: Polyneuropathy. Numbness, tingling and weakness in your legs — and over time, maybe in your hands — and difficulty breathing. The name POEMS is an acronym for some of the disease’s major signs and symptoms (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, myeloma protein, and skin changes), as is PEP (polyneuropathy, endocrinopathy, plasma cell dyscrasia).

893) Polyarteritis Nodosa

Is a rare multi-system disorder characterized by widespread inflammation, weakening, and damage to small and medium-sized arteries. Blood vessels in any organ or organ system may be affected, including those supplying the kidneys, heart, intestine, nervous system, and/or skeletal muscles.  The Symptoms of Polyarteritis Nodosa: a decreased appetite, sudden weight loss, abdominal pain, excessive fatigue, fever, muscle and joint aches.

894) Polyarthritis

Is a term used when five or more joints are affected with joint pain. There are many potential causes, so symptoms can vary widely from person to person. Polyarthritis can present as acute episodes or it may become chronic, lasting for more than six weeks. Polyarthritis can follow many viral infections. Symptoms include: pain, stiffness, swelling or redness in the affected area, a rash, tiredness or a lack of energy, a high temperature of 100.4 ºF (38 ºC) or above, sweating, lack of appetite.

895) Polychondritis

Also called relapsing polychondritis, is a rare disease in which cartilage in many areas of the body becomes inflamed. The disease most commonly affects the ears, nose and the airways of the lungs. Common signs of relapsing polychondritis include: A dip in the bridge of your nose (“saddle nose” or “pug nose”). Ear pain and redness. Red, painful, and swollen eyes. Painful, swollen joints (hands, fingers, shoulders, elbows, knees, ankles, toes, pelvis) that may or may not happen along with arthritis. Rib pain.

896) Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome Type I

(APS-1) is a rare and complex recessively inherited disorder of immune-cell dysfunction with multiple autoimmunities. It presents as a group of symptoms including potentially life-threatening endocrine gland and gastrointestinal dysfunctions. It is caused by mutations in the AIRE gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. It is defined by the presence of ≥ 2 of the following: Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Autoimmune and endocrine disorders may develop in its recessive form.

897) Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome Type Ii

Is an autoimmune disorder that affects many hormone -producing (endocrine) glands. It is characterized by the presence of Addison’s disease along with autoimmune thyroid disease and/or type 1 diabetes. Symptoms of this disorder may be shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness, rapid heartbeat, angina, anorexia, abdominal pain, indigestion, and possibly intermittent constipation and diarrhea. (For more information on this disorder choose “Pernicious Anemia” as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).

898) Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome Type Iii

Is an autoimmune condition that affects the body’s endocrine glands. The syndrome, which typically affects women during middle age, results from failure of the glands to produce their hormones .

899) Polyglandular Disorder

Polyglandular deficiency syndromes involve deficiencies in the function of several endocrine glands, which may occur simultaneously or sequentially. Nonendocrine organs also may be affected. Most cases are autoimmune; triggers are often unknown but may involve viruses, dietary substances, or drugs.

900) Polymicrogyria

Is a condition characterized by abnormal development of the brain before birth. The surface of the brain normally has many ridges or folds, called gyri. In people with polymicrogyria, the brain develops too many folds, and the folds are unusually small. Bilateral forms of polymicrogyria tend to cause more severe neurological problems. Signs and symptoms of these conditions can include recurrent seizures (epilepsy), delayed development, crossed eyes, problems with speech and swallowing, and muscle weakness or paralysis.

901) Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Is an inflammatory disorder that causes muscle pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulders and hips. Signs and symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica usually begin quickly and are worse in the morning. Symptoms: Aches or pain in your shoulders. Aches or pain in your neck, upper arms, buttocks, hips or thighs. Stiffness in affected areas, particularly in the morning or after being inactive for a time. Limited range of motion in affected areas. Pain or stiffness in your wrists, elbows or knees.

902) Polymyositis

Is an uncommon inflammatory disease that causes muscle weakness affecting both sides of your body. Having this condition can make it difficult to climb stairs, rise from a seated position, lift objects or reach overhead. The common symptoms of polymyositis include: Muscle pain and stiffness. Muscle weakness, particularly in the belly (abdomen), shoulders, upper arms, and hips. Joint pain and stiffness. Trouble catching your breath. Problems with swallowing. Irregular heart rhythms, if the heart muscle becomes inflamed.

903) Polyneuropathy

Is the simultaneous malfunction of many peripheral nerves throughout the body. Infections, toxins, drugs, cancers, nutritional deficiencies, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and other disorders can cause many peripheral nerves to malfunction. Symptoms: tingling, numbness, pins and needles difficulty using the arms, legs, hands, or feet, increased pain (such as burning, stabbing, freezing, or shooting pains), sleep problems due to night-time pain. inability to feel pain,extreme sensitivity to touch.

904) Polyneuropathy Idiopathic Progressive

Is an illness where sensory and motor nerves of the peripheral nervous system are affected and no obvious underlying etiology is found. In many respects, the symptoms are very similar to diabetic polyneuropathy. Symptoms. In idiopathic sensory-motor polyneuropathy, the patients may experience unusual sensations (paresthesias), numbness and pain in their hands and feet. In addition, there may be weakness of the muscles in the feet and hands.

905) Portal Pyaemia

Portal pyaemia or pylephlebitis is a form of septic (often suppurative) thrombophlebitis of the portal venous system. It may develop as a complication of intra-abdominal sepsis, such as diverticulitis or appendicitis. Patients typically present with a high fever that is sometimes accompanied by jaundice. Portal pyaemia classically presents with upper abdominal pain, insidious in onset, gradually progressing, predominantly over epigastrium and right hypochondrium. Fever is a very common symptom, as is jaundice.

906) Portal Vein Embolism

(PVE) is a technique used before hepatic resection to increase the size of liver segments that will remain after surgery. (PVT) is a vascular disease of the liver that occurs when a blood clot occurs in the hepatic portal vein, which can lead to increased pressure in the portal vein system and reduced blood supply to the liver. The mortality rate is approximately 1 in 10. Other severe symptoms of portal vein thrombosis include: spiking fevers, chills, liver pain, vomiting blood, yellowing of the skin, or jaundice, varices and gastric bleeding, bloody or tarry stools.

907) Portal Vein Flow Decreased

The reduction in portal vein blood flow may relate to atherosclerosis, with a resulting decrease in mesenteric arterial blood flow. Symptoms and signs of portal hypertension include: Gastrointestinal bleeding: You may notice blood in the stools, or you may vomit blood if any large vessels around your stomach that developed due to portal hypertension rupture. Ascites: When fluid accumulates in your abdomen, causing swelling.

908) Portal Vein Pressure Increased

Is an increase in the pressure within the portal vein (the vein that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver). The increase in pressure is caused by a blockage in the blood flow through the liver. The main symptoms and complications of portal hypertension include: Gastrointestinal bleeding marked by black, tarry stools or blood in the stools, or vomiting of blood due to the spontaneous rupture and hemorrhage from varices. Ascites (an accumulation of fluid in the abdomen).

909) Portal Vein Thrombosis

Is blockage or narrowing of the portal vein (the blood vessel that brings blood to the liver from the intestines) by a blood clot. Most people have no symptoms, but in some people, fluid accumulates in the abdomen, the spleen enlarges, and/or severe bleeding occurs in the esophagus. Portal vein thrombosis causes upper abdominal pain, possibly accompanied by nausea and an enlarged liver and/or spleen; the abdomen may be filled with fluid (ascites). A persistent fever may result from the generalized inflammation.

910) Portosplenomesenteric Venous Thrombosis

In patients with acute pancreatitis is associated with pancreatic necrosis and usually has a benign course. Acute PVT may be marked by abdominal pain, nausea, and/or vomiting, low back pain, and fever in the setting of septic portal vein thrombus (pylephlebitis). While a systemic inflammatory response may be seen in PVT, if there is evidence of high fever, chills, and bacteremia, pylephlebitis may be present.

911) Post Procedural Hypotension

The authors believe, however, that the most common cause of postoperative hypotension is that group of hematological factors which include transfusion reactions, hemolysis due to distilled water during transurethral resections, and acute or chronic loss of blood. The authors believe, however, that the most common cause of postoperative hypotension is that group of hematological factors which include transfusion reactions, hemolysis due to distilled water during transurethral resections, and acute or chronic loss of blood. Other factors that lead to hypotension can be listed as severe diabetes mellitus, dehydration, anaphylaxis, arrhythmia, shock, bleeding, and heart failure.

912) Post Procedural Pneumonia

Can be defined as either hospital-acquired pneumonia (pneumonia developing 48 – 72 h after admission) or ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP, pneumonia developing 48 – 72 h after endotracheal intubation) occurring in the post-surgical patient. The symptoms of pneumonia include fever, chills and a cough. You may have chest pain and shortness of breath. You may have nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. You may feel fatigued.

913) Post Procedural Pulmonary Embolism

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot blocks one of the arteries in the lungs. A pulmonary embolism can happen after surgery if a blood clot forms inside one of the veins in the body and travels to the lungs. Although most people recover with treatment, a pulmonary embolism can sometimes be fatal.The risk of PE was elevated during the first 6 weeks after surgery regardless of the type. The excess risk of postoperative PE ranged from OR, 5.24 (95% CI, 3.91-7.01) for vascular surgery to OR, 8.34 (95% CI, 6.07-11.45) for surgery for fractures. These signs and symptoms when they develop pulmonary embolism: Shortness of breath (Dyspnea) which normally appears suddenly. Pleuritic chest pain which may be worsen with deep breath. Syncope. Dry or moist rales. Pleural friction rub may be audible. Cough with blood streak sputum or blood.

914) Post Stroke Epilepsy

Seizure and epilepsy after stroke is common. Late onset seizure has a higher recurrent rate compared with early onset seizure after a stroke. Atypical seizure forms can occur, particularly in the older people, and a high index of suspicion is required for the correct and early diagnosis of post‐stroke seizure. If you’ve had a stroke, you have an increased risk for having a seizure. Other possible symptoms of seizure include: confusion, altered emotions, changes in the way you perceive how things sound, smell, look, taste, or feel, a loss of muscle control, a loss of bladder control.

915) Post Stroke Seizure

Seizure after stroke or poststroke seizure (PSS) is a common and very important complication of stroke. It can be divided into early seizure and late seizure, depending on seizure onset time after the stroke. If you’ve had a stroke, you have an increased risk for having a seizure. Other possible symptoms of seizure include: confusion, altered emotions, changes in the way you perceive how things sound, smell, look, taste, or feel, a loss of muscle control, a loss of bladder control.

916) Post Thrombotic Syndrome

is a condition that can happen to people who have had a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the leg. The condition can cause chronic pain, swelling, and other symptoms in your leg. It may develop in the weeks or months following a DVT. It ​​is a serious and painful condition that can last a long time. It occurs because of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The veins found in your legs and arms have small valves inside that help ensure the blood flows in the proper direction, back to the heart.

917) Post Viral Fatigue Syndrome

The main symptom of post-viral fatigue is a significant lack of energy. You might also feel exhausted, even if you’ve been getting plenty of sleep and resting. The main symptom of post-viral fatigue is a significant lack of energy. You might also feel exhausted, even if you’ve been getting plenty of sleep and resting.

918) Postictal Headache

(PIH) is defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders as “headache with features of tension-type headache or, in a patient with migraine, of migraine headache, which develops within 3 hours following a partial or generalized seizure and resolves within 72 hours after the seizure.The pain of a postictal headache is widespread. It can be steady or throbbing and its intensity can range from mild to severe. These headaches usually last between about 6 and 24 hours, or sometimes even longer. They may be quite disabling, causing you to lose additional time out of your normal activities.

919) Postictal Paralysis

The postictal state is a period that begins when a seizure subsides and ends when the patient returns to baseline. It typically lasts between 5 and 30 minutes and is characterized by disorienting symptoms such as confusion, drowsiness, hypertension, headache, nausea, etc. Recognizing Postictal Paralysis: Mild or severe weakness. Complete paralysis of an arm or leg or one side of the body. Numbness. Changes in vision or vision loss. Vision loss.

Loss of bowel or bladder control. Confusion, drowsiness, and lack of responsiveness.

920) Postictal Psychosis

(PIP), an episode of psychosis occurring after a cluster of seizures, is common and may be associated with profound morbidity, including chronic psychosis. Symptoms are often pleomorphic, involving a range of psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations and disorders of thought. Symptoms: Thought disorder; Mania; Hallucination.

921) Postictal State

Is the abnormal condition occurring between the end of an epileptic seizure and return to baseline condition. Applying this definition operationally can be difficult, especially for complex partial seizures, where cognitive and sensorimotor impairments merge imperceptibly into the postictal state. The postictal state is a period that begins when a seizure subsides and ends when the patient returns to baseline. It typically lasts between 5 and 30 minutes and is characterized by disorienting symptoms such as confusion, drowsiness, hypertension, headache, nausea, etc.

922) Postoperative Respiratory Distress

The development of a postoperative respiratory insufficiency is typically caused by several factors and include patient-related risks, the extent of the procedure and postoperative complications. Morbidity and mortality rates in acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are high. Signs of Respiratory Distress: Breathing rate. An increase in the number of breaths per minute may mean that a person is having trouble breathing or not getting enough oxygen. Color changes.Grunting.Nose flaring. Retractions. Sweating. Wheezing.Body position.

923) Postoperative Respiratory Failure

Generally, postoperative respiratory failure is the failure to wean from mechanical ventilation within 48 hours of surgery or unplanned intubation/reintubation postoperatively. of stay, and increased mortality. As value-based purchasing evolves, quality will be increasingly linked to payment.

924) Postoperative Thrombosis

Is caused by a combination of local mechanical factors, including decreased venous blood flow in the lower extremities, and systemic changes in coagulation. The level of risk for postoperative thrombosis depends largely on the type of surgery performed.

925) Postpartum Thrombosis

Blood clots may also develop in the veins just under the skin in the legs. This disorder is called superficial venous thrombosis. The skin over the vein becomes red, swollen, and painful. Symptoms of a systemic blood clot in the postpartum period include: chest pain or pressure, loss of balance, pain or numbness only on one side, sudden loss of strength on one side of the body, sudden, severe headache, swelling or pain in only one leg, trouble breathing.

926) Postpartum Venous Thrombosis

The most common symptoms of deep vein thrombosis during pregnancy and postpartum usually occur in just one leg and include: A heavy or painful feeling in the leg (a lot of people say that it feels like a really bad pulled muscle that doesn’t go away) Tenderness, warmth and/or redness in the calf or thigh.

927) Postpericardiotomy Syndrome

(PPS) is worsening or new formation of pericardial and/or pleural effusion mostly 1 to 6 weeks after cardiac surgery, as a result of autoimmune inflammatory reaction within pleural and pericardial space. Postpericardectomy syndrome is characterized by malaise, fever, leukocytosis, myalgia, atrial arrhythmias, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea and, occasionally, pericardial tamponade. The syndrome has been reported to occur in up to 17% of patients after cardiac surgery and is thought to have an autoimmune basis.

928) Post-Traumatic Epilepsy

(PTE) refers to recurrent and unprovoked post-traumatic seizures (PTS) that occur at least 1 week after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Seizures during the first week after TBI are considered to be provoked by the head injury and known as early PTS. Symptoms can include staring and unresponsiveness, stiffening or shaking of the body, legs, arms or head; strange sound, taste, visual images, feeling or smell; inability to speak or understand, etc. TBI is the most significant cause of symptomatic epilepsy in people from 15 to 24 years of age.

929) Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

(POTS) is a condition that affects blood flow. POTS causes the development of symptoms — usually lightheadedness, fainting and an uncomfortable, rapid increase in heartbeat — that come on when standing up from a reclining position and relieved by sitting or lying back down. Typical symptoms of PoTS include: dizziness or lightheadedness, fainting, problems with thinking, memory and concentration – this combination of symptoms is often called “brain fog”, heart palpitations, shaking and sweating, weakness and fatigue (tiredness), headaches,poor sleep.

930) Precerebral Artery Thrombosis

A precerebral artery is an artery leading to the cerebrum, but not in the cerebrum. The RMA has defined “precerebral artery” as meaning “extracerebral arteries supplying the brain, including the carotid artery, vertebral artery, basilar artery and ascending aorta”. Disease of the artery includes atherosclerosis, dissection, thrombosis, aneurysm or other pathological process of that artery.

931) Pre-Eclampsia

Is a condition that affects some pregnant women usually during the second half of pregnancy (from around 20 weeks) or immediately after delivery of their baby. Women with pre-eclampsia have high blood pressure, fluid retention (oedema) and protein in the urine (proteinuria). Preeclampsia Symptoms: Weight gain over 1 or 2 days because of a large increase in bodily fluid. Shoulder pain. Belly pain, especially in the upper right side. Severe headaches. Change in reflexes or mental state. Peeing less or not at all. Dizziness. Trouble breathing.

932) Preictal State

The most common symptoms of a prodrome include confusion, anxiety, irritability, headache, tremor, and anger or other mood disturbances. About 20% of individuals with epilepsy experience this stage,³ which may serve as a warning sign of seizure onset for those who experience it. The first stage of a seizure, an aura, is also described as the pre-ictal phase. This stage occurs immediately before the ictal stage of a seizure and it can last from a few seconds to an hour in duration. Most people are aware of their own symptoms during a seizure aura.

933) Premature Labour

Preterm labor occurs when regular contractions result in the opening of your cervix after week 20 and before week 37 of pregnancy. Preterm labor can result in premature birth. The earlier premature birth happens, the greater the health risks for your baby. The warning signs of preterm labor: Contractions (your belly tightens like a fist) every 10 minutes or more often. Change in vaginal discharge (leaking fluid or bleeding from your vagina) Pelvic pressure—the feeling that your baby is pushing down. Low, dull backache. Cramps that feel like your period.

934) Premature Menopause

Is menopause that occurs before the age of 40 years. Early menopause can be induced by some medical treatments such as surgery or chemotherapy. Women who experience early or premature menopause may need hormone therapy to reduce the risk of diseases such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Symptoms of premature and early menopause: menstrual cycle changes, including changes to the usual bleeding pattern, particularly irregular bleeding, hot flushes, sweats, sleep disturbance, urinary problems, such as increased frequency of urination or incontinence, vaginal dryness, increase in mood changes.

935) Primary Amyloidosis

Is a rare disorder in which abnormal proteins build up in tissues and organs. Clumps of the abnormal proteins are called amyloid deposits. This is the most common type and used to be called primary amyloidosis. AL stands for “amyloid light chains,” which is the type of protein responsible for the condition. There’s no known cause, but it happens when your bone marrow makes abnormal antibodies that can’t be broken down.

936) Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Previously called primary biliary cirrhosis, is a chronic disease in which the bile ducts in your liver are slowly destroyed. Bile is a fluid made in your liver. It aids with digestion and helps you absorb certain vitamins.Three symptoms of primary biliary cholangitis: Dry eyes and mouth. Pain in the upper right abdomen. Swelling of the spleen (splenomegaly). Bone, muscle or joint (musculoskeletal) pain. Swollen feet and ankles (edema). Buildup of fluid in the abdomen due to liver failure (ascites).

937) Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

PPMS is characterized by worsening neurologic function (accumulation of disability) from the onset of symptoms, without early relapses or remissions. The symptoms of primary-progressive MS: Pain (for example, headaches, pain in the legs and feet, back pain, and muscle spasms). Electric-shock sensations that run down the back and limbs when the neck is bent (Lhermitte sign). Trouble walking. Vision problems. Muscle weakness. Trouble staying balanced. Paralysis.

938) Procedural Shock

Raise the patient’s legs (unless they have fractures or a snake bite) above the level of the heart, with head flat on the floor. Treat any wound or burn and immobilise fractures. Loosen tight clothing around neck, chest and waist. Maintain the patient’s body warmth with a blanket or similar. The symptoms of shock: Rapid, shallow breathing. Cold, clammy skin. Rapid, weak pulse. Dizziness or fainting. Weakness.

939) Proctitis Herpes

Is thought to progress from the perianal skin into the anal canal and then into the rectum. It occurs commonly in patient populations that are immunosuppressed from bone marrow or solid organ transplantation or from HIV/AIDS and in individuals who engage in anoreceptive intercourse. Sexually transmitted infections, spread particularly by people who engage in anal intercourse, can result in proctitis. Sexually transmitted infections that can cause proctitis include gonorrhea, genital herpes and chlamydia.

940) Proctitis Ulcerative

Ulcerative proctitis is characterized by inflammation, redness, and ulcerations of the lining of the rectum (the rectum is the last six inches of the large intestine). The word “ulcerative” is used because the disease actually causes the formation of sores/ulcers on the inner lining of the rectum. The cause of ulcerative proctitis is undetermined but there is considerable research evidence to suggest that interactions between environmental factors, intestinal flora, immune dysregulation, and genetic predisposition are responsible. It is unclear why the inflammation is limited to the rectum.

941) Progressive Facial Hemiatrophy

Is a craniofacial disorder characterized by progressive shrinking and deformation of one side of the face with atrophy of the subcutaneous connective and fatty tissues. The atrophy often progresses slowly for many years and then stabilizes. Other causes of abnormal facial expressions: Blepharospasm. Brain Trauma. Facial Paralysis. Hemifacial Spasm. Meige Syndrome. Myoclonus. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome. Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus.

942) Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

(PML) is a rare and often fatal viral disease characterized by progressive damage (-pathy) or inflammation of the white matter (leuko-) of the brain (-encephalo-) at multiple locations (multifocal). For most people, PML symptoms start subtly. The symptoms may vary depending on which part of your brain has the infection. Early symptoms may include: Clumsiness or lack of coordination. As the infection progresses, people may experience: Dementia. Speech loss. Vision loss.

943) Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

(PMS) is a clinical form of MS characterized by gradual accrual of disability independent of relapses over time.  The symptoms of primary-progressive MS: Pain (for example, headaches, pain in the legs and feet, back pain, and muscle spasms). Electric-shock sensations that run down the back and limbs when the neck is bent (Lhermitte sign). Trouble walking. Vision problems. Muscle weakness. Trouble staying balanced. Paralysis.

944) Progressive Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

Is the least common form. Relapses or attacks happen every so often, but symptoms continue and get worse between relapses. This type is rare enough that doctors don’t know much about it. Approximately 5% of people with multiple sclerosis have this form. In secondary-progressive MS, people may still experience relapses. These are then followed by partial recoveries or periods of remission, but the disease doesn’t disappear between cycles. Instead, it steadily worsens. “Fulminate MS” is a rapidly progressive disease course with severe relapses within five years after diagnosis; also known as “malignant MS” or “Marburg MS,” this form of very active MS may need to be treated more aggressively than other forms.

945) Prosthetic Cardiac Valve Thrombosis

Is potentially life-threatening, resulting in hemodynamically severe stenosis or regurgitation. “Thrombotic risk is related to the type of valve, position of the valve and adequacy of anticoagulation,” according to Vuyisile T. Factors that may increase your chances of prosthetic heart valve thrombosis include: Inadequate anticoagulant/blood thinning therapy after a valve transplant. Prosthesis located at the mitral valve in the heart. Atrial fibrillation. Signs and symptoms of mechanical valve thrombosis may include muffled mechanical heart sounds, a new murmur, dyspnea, heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Thrombosis of right-sided valves causes right-sided heart failure, characterized by swelling of the legs, abdomen or both, without pulmonary congestion.

946) Pruritus

Is the medical term for itchy skin. It’s the kind of itch that makes you want to scratch. Normally, itchy skin isn’t serious, but it can make you uncomfortable. Sometimes, itchy skin is caused by a serious medical condition. Causes of itchy skin include: Skin conditions. Examples include dry skin (xerosis), eczema (dermatitis), psoriasis, scabies, parasites, burns, scars, insect bites and hives. Symptoms of itchy skin: Redness. Bumps, spots or blisters. Dry, cracked skin. Leathery or scaly skin.

947) Pruritus Allergic

Pruritus (itch) is a major characteristic and one of the most debilitating symptoms in allergic and atopic diseases and the diagnostic hallmark of atopic dermatitis. Pruritus is regularly defined as an unpleasant sensation provoking the desire to scratch. Histamine is released by the body during allergic reactions, such as those to pollen, food, latex and medications. Pruriceptive itch is due to an allergic reaction, inflammation, dryness or other skin damage. It is seen in atopic dermatitis (eczema), urticaria (hives), psoriasis, drug reactions, mites and dry skin.

948) Pseudovasculitis

As mentioned previously, is a systemic disorder that mimics vasculitis in its clinical presentation. 3 Other causes of pseudovasculitis include antiphospholipid syndrome, infective endocarditis, fibromuscular dysplasia, thromboangiitis obliterans.

949) Psoriasis

Is a skin disease that causes red, itchy scaly patches, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp. Psoriasis is a common, long-term (chronic) disease with no cure. It tends to go through cycles, flaring for a few weeks or months, then subsiding for a while or going into remission. Some of the early stages of this condition may be mistaken for other inflammatory skin conditions, such as eczema. Learn more about the early symptoms of psoriasis and how these might look and feel in different psoriasis subtypes.

950) Psoriatic Arthropathy

Is a type of arthritis that affects some people with the skin condition psoriasis. It typically causes affected joints to become swollen, stiff and painful. Like psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis is a long-term condition that can get progressively worse. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an autoimmune disease. that affects different parts of the body. When this happens, you may experience various symptoms, including joint pain, swelling, and skin lesions.

951) Pulmonary Amyloidosis

Is an uncommon disease, characterized by extracellular deposition of fibrillary protein in the lungs. It appears in three forms: tracheobronchial, nodular pulmonary, and alveolar septal. There are few reports of long-term observation of primary pulmonary amyloidosis. Amyloidosis is a disorder caused by misfolding of autologous protein and its extracellular deposition as fibrils, resulting in vital organ dysfunction and eventually death. Pulmonary amyloidosis may be localised or part of systemic amyloidosis.

952) Pulmonary Artery Thrombosis

(PE) occurs when a blood clot gets lodged in an artery in the lung, blocking blood flow to part of the lung. Blood clots most often start in the legs and travel up through the right side of the heart and into the lungs. This is called DVT . Other signs and symptoms that can occur with pulmonary embolism include: Rapid or irregular heartbeat. Lightheadedness or dizziness. Excessive sweating. Fever. Leg pain or swelling, or both, usually in the calf caused by a deep vein thrombosis. Clammy or discolored skin (cyanosis).

953) Pulmonary Embolism

Is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in your lungs. In most cases, pulmonary embolism is caused by blood clots that travel to the lungs from deep veins in the legs or, rarely, from veins in other parts of the body (deep vein thrombosis). The Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism: Shortness of breath. Chest pain that may become worse when breathing in. Cough, which may contain blood. Leg pain or swelling. Pain in your back. Excessive sweating. Lightheadedness, dizziness or passing out. Blueish lips or nails.

954) Pulmonary Fibrosis

Is a lung disease that occurs when lung tissue becomes damaged and scarred. This thickened, stiff tissue makes it more difficult for your lungs to work properly. As pulmonary fibrosis worsens, you become progressively more short of breath. There are a number of known causes of pulmonary fibrosis. Exposure to toxins like asbestos, coal dust or silica (including workers in the coal mining and sandblasting industry) can lead to pulmonary fibrosis. Signs and symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis may include: Shortness of breath (dyspnea). A dry cough. Fatigue. Unexplained weight loss. Aching muscles and joints. Widening and rounding of the tips of the fingers or toes (clubbing).

955) Pulmonary Haemorrhage

Is rare. It happens when blood leaks from blood vessels in the windpipe or airways into the main lung. Pulmonary haemorrhage can affect children of all ages. It can start gradually and continue for a long time or it can be a sudden life-threatening event. Common symptoms are difficulty breathing and coughing, often coughing up blood. People usually have a chest x-ray, blood tests, and sometimes examination of the breathing passages with a flexible viewing tube (bronchoscopy).

956) Pulmonary Microemboli

A stasis of blood on the venous side of the capillary bed results and leads to intravascular coagulation. When shock is corrected and the limbs are again perfused, the microemboli that have formed on the venous side are flushed into the lung, where they collect in the pulmonary arterioles and capillaries. The Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism: Shortness of breath. Chest pain that may become worse when breathing in. Cough, which may contain blood. Leg pain or swelling. Pain in your back. Excessive sweating. Lightheadedness, dizziness or passing out. Blueish lips or nails.

957) Pulmonary Oil Microembolism

(PE) is a sudden blockage in a lung artery. It usually happens when a blood clot breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs. PE is a serious condition that can cause: Permanent damage to the lungs. Low oxygen levels in your blood. PULMONARY embolism is fortunately a rare. complication, following utero-salpingography. Several cases of oil embolism have been reported in the world literature. Oil embolism occurs when oily media enter the venous system.

958) Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

(PRS) describes the occurrence of renal failure in association with respiratory failure, characterised by autoimmune-mediated rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) and diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH), respectively. Pulmonary-renal syndromes are most commonly caused by an underlying autoimmune disease.

959) Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a rare disease caused by inflammation. It usually occurs in the lungs and lymph nodes, but it can occur in almost any organ. Sarcoidosis in the lungs is called pulmonary sarcoidosis. It causes small lumps of inflammatory cells in the lungs. The most common symptoms of pulmonary sarcoidosis are shortness of breath, which often gets worse with activity; dry cough that will not go away; chest pain; and wheezing. Treatment is generally done to control symptoms or to improve the function of organs affected by the disease. Steroids are often used.

960) Pulmonary Sepsis

Is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by the body’s response to an infection. If not recognized and treated quickly sepsis can lead to death. Some studies suggest as much as half the deaths that occur in a hospital are attributable to sepsis.  The symptoms of sepsis: Fast heart rate. Fever or hypothermia (very low body temperature). Shaking or chills. Warm or clammy/sweaty skin. Confusion or disorientation.Hyperventilation (rapid breathing) or shortness of breath.

961) Pulmonary Thrombosis

Occurs when a clump of material, most often a blood clot, gets wedged into an artery in your lungs. These blood clots most commonly come from the deep veins of your legs, a condition known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In many cases, multiple clots are involved in pulmonary embolism. Signs and symptoms that can occur with pulmonary embolism include: Rapid or irregular heartbeat. Lightheadedness or dizziness. Excessive sweating. Fever. Leg pain or swelling, or both, usually in the calf caused by a deep vein thrombosis. Clammy or discolored skin (cyanosis).

962) Pulmonary Tumour Thrombotic Microangiopathy

(PTTM) is a rare condition characterized by microscopic tumor cell emboli, which cause proliferative changes in the pulmonary microvasculature leading to a syndrome of hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure and death.

963) Pulmonary Vasculitis

Is characterized by inflammation and destruction of pulmonary vasculature with subsequent tissue necrosis. These disorders can be divided into those that are part of a systemic autoimmune vasculitis and secondary cases.  The symptoms of pulmonary vasculitis: coughing up blood. This can happen if there is bleeding from damaged blood vessels, difficulty breathing. Find out when to call 999 about your child’s breathing, coughing, chest pain.

964) Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease

(PVOD) is characterized by the blockage (occlusion) of the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich (oxygenated) blood from the lungs to the heart (the pulmonary veins). It is a rare and fatal cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) that is difficult to diagnose and treat. Symptoms: Shortness of breath. Dry cough. Fatigue on exertion. Fainting. Coughing up blood. Difficulty breathing while lying flat.

965) Pulmonary Venous Thrombosis

Is a rare and probably underdiagnosed condition that may present with dyspnoea, cough, chest pain and/or haemoptysis and can cause systemic arterial emboli. Pulmonary vein thrombosis may result from the hypercoagulable state in COVID-19. Lightheadedness or dizziness. Excessive sweating. Fever. Leg pain or swelling, or both, usually in the calf caused by a deep vein thrombosis.

966) Pyoderma Gangrenosum

Is a rare condition that causes large, painful sores (ulcers) to develop on your skin, most often on your legs. The exact causes of pyoderma gangrenosum are unknown, but it appears to be a disorder of the immune system. The cause of pyoderma gangrenosum is often not known. It may be related to overactivity of the immune system. Sometimes it may be caused by an injury or minor skin damage such as a needle prick, a biopsy or an insect bite. It can also be linked to a disease or illness.Pyoderma gangrenosum usually starts with a small, red bump on your skin, which may resemble a spider bite. Within days, this bump can develop into a large, painful open sore. The ulcer usually appears on your legs, but may develop anywhere on your body. Sometimes it appears around surgical sites.

967) Pyostomatitis Vegetans

Is a very rare oral disorder characterized by pustules that affect oral mucosa. The pathogenesis of Pyostomatitis vegetans is unknown, but there is a theory that an abnormal immune response in the course of IBD led to cross reaction of antigens in the skin and small bowel, leading to this mucocutaneous manifestation.The typical features of pyodermatitis vegetans include: redness, pustules, crusting, large raised (vegetating) plaques. Brown post-inflammatory pigmentation is prominent.

968) Pyrexia

fever, also called pyrexia, abnormally high body temperature.

The most common causes of fever are infections such as colds and stomach bugs (gastroenteritis). Other causes include: Infections of the ear, lung, skin, throat, bladder, or kidney. Heat exhaustion. A high temperature is usually considered to be 38C or above. This is sometimes called a fever.

969) Quarantine

Is a strategy used to prevent transmission of COVID-19 by keeping people who have been in close contact with someone with COVID-19 apart from others.

970) Radiation Leukopenia

If a person’s body is producing fewer white blood cells than it should be, doctors call this leukopenia. Conditions that can cause leukopenia include: autoimmune conditions such as lupus and HIV. bone marrow damage, such as from chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or exposure to toxins. The symptoms of leukopenia: a fever of 100.4˚F (38˚C) or above, chills, sweating, sore throat, cough or shortness of breath, an area of your body that’s become red, swollen, or painful, an injury that’s draining pus, mouth sores or white patches in your mouth.

971) Radiculitis Brachial

Is characterized by sudden-onset pain—typically occurring at night—then subsequent weakness and numbness in the arm and shoulder. Most commonly, the condition occurs in men ages 20. Symptoms of brachial neuritis include: Severe pain in the upper arm or shoulder. Pain usually affecting just one side of the body. After a few hours or days, the pain transitions to weakness, limpness, or paralysis in the muscles of the affected arm or shoulde.

972) Radiologically Isolated Syndrome

Refers to an entity in which white matter lesions fulfilling the criteria for multiple sclerosis occur in individuals without a history of a clinical demyelinating attack or alternative etiology. Numbness or tingling in the arms, legs, or face. Slurred speech. Blurred vision or other eye problems. Muscle weakness. CIS is caused by inflammation and damage to myelin, the protective fatty substance that surrounds nerve cells in your brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system). This damage (called demyelination) disrupts the way nerve messages are carried to and from the brain and results in the symptoms you experience.

973) Rash

Is a change of the human skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture. A rash may be localized in one part of the body, or affect all the skin. Rashes may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, chapped, dry, cracked or blistered, swell, and may be painful. Symptoms of Skin Rash: Itching. Skin redness. Flaking skin. Dry, scaly, or crusted skin that can become thick and leathery from scratching. Small, fluid-filled blisters that may ooze when scratched. Infection of the areas of broken skin.

974) Rash Erythematous

Erythema is a type of skin rash caused by injured or inflamed blood capillaries. It usually occurs in response to a drug, disease or infection. Rash severity ranges from mild to life threatening. Cutaneous erythematous reaction patterns are signs of hypersensitivity to inciting agents, both endogenous and exogenous. They include erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema nodosum and the figurate erythemas. A thorough evaluation is often necessary to identify the provocative agent.

975) Rash Pruritic

Itchy skin is often caused by dry skin. It’s common in older adults, as skin tends to become drier with age. Depending on the cause of your itchiness, your skin may appear normal, red, rough or bumpy. For temporary relief of itching, try these self-care measures: Avoid items or situations that cause you to itch. Moisturize daily; Treat the scalp; Reduce stress or anxiety; Try over-the-counter oral allergy medicine; Use a humidifier; Use creams, lotions or gels that soothe and cool the skin; Avoid scratching.

976) Rasmussen Encephalitis

Sometimes referred to as Rasmussen syndrome, is a rare disorder of the central nervous system characterized by chronic progressive inflammation (encephalitis) of one cerebral hemisphere. The cause of RE is unknown. The condition is linked to an autoimmune response. Some researchers think this response may be triggered by an infection such as the flu or measles. Symptoms: Severe partial seizures. Loss of motor skills. Loss of speech.Paralysis on one side of the body. Learning disabilities. Physical disabilities. Confusion.

977) Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Is a problem that causes decreased blood flow to the fingers. In some cases, it also causes less blood flow to the ears, toes, nipples, knees, or nose. This happens due to spasms of blood vessels in those areas. The spasms happen in response to cold, stress, or emotional upset. Abnormalities of magnesium metabolism have been reported in people with Raynaud’s disease. Symptoms similar to those seen with Raynaud’s disease occur in people with magnesium deficiency, probably because a deficiency of this mineral results in spasm of blood vessels.

978) Reactive Capillary Endothelial Proliferation

(RCCEP) is the most common adverse event related to camrelizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, but lack of comprehensive analyses.

979) Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

Relapsing-remitting MS is marked by relapses that last at least 24 hours. During a relapse, symptoms get worse. These are often the earliest symptoms of MS: Trouble seeing; Sensitivity to heat; Numbness, especially in the feet; Weakness; Fatigue; Difficulty thinking clearly; Depression; Needing to urinate urgently.

980) Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Is defined as MS in which patients have relapses of MS and periods of stability in between relapses. Relapses are episodes of new or worsening symptoms not caused by fever or infection and that last more than 48 hours. The symptoms of relapsing-remitting MS: Trouble seeing; Sensitivity to heat; Numbness, especially in the feet; Weakness; Fatigue; Difficulty thinking clearly; Depression; Needing to urinate urgently.

981) Renal Amyloidosis

Amyloid that builds up in the kidneys can damage the kidneys and affect the kidneys’ ability to filter blood. This damage can cause wastes to build up in your body, which may worsen kidney damage and lead to kidney failure. Signs and symptoms of amyloidosis may include: Swelling of your ankles and legs. Severe fatigue and weakness. Shortness of breath with minimal exertion. Unable to lie flat in bed due to shortness of breath. Numbness, tingling or pain in your hands or feet, especially pain in your wrist (carpal tunnel syndrome).

982) Renal Arteritis

It is believed to be due in part to a faulty immune response. The disorder has been linked to some infections and to certain genes. Giant cell arteritis is more common in people with another inflammatory disorder known as polymyalgia rheumatica. When symptoms do occur, they include abdominal pain, blood in your urine, and a rash on your buttocks or lower legs. Kidney specialists (nephrologists) at University of Miami Health System are experienced in diagnosing and treating renal vasculitis.

983) Renal Artery Thrombosis

Is the formation of a clot in a renal artery. A thrombosis of a renal artery may cause kidney failure because of blocked blood flow to the kidney. Symptoms: Sudden onset of flank (between the ribs and the upper border of the hip bone) pain and tenderness; Fever; Blood in the urine; Nausea and/or vomiting; Sudden decrease in kidney function; Hypertension.

984) Renal Embolism

Renal artery thrombosis symptoms: Sudden onset of flank (between the ribs and the upper border of the hip bone) pain and tenderness; Fever; Blood in the urine; Nausea and/or vomiting; Sudden decrease in kidney function; Hypertension.

985) Renal Failure

Acute kidney failure occurs when your kidneys suddenly become unable to filter waste products from your blood. When your kidneys lose their filtering ability, dangerous levels of wastes may accumulate, and your blood’s chemical makeup may get out of balance. Acute kidney failure can become chronic and your kidneys will stop working almost entirely or completely. This is called end-stage renal disease. If this happens, you will need to go on permanent dialysis (to filter your blood and remove toxins) or get a kidney transplant. Death.

986) Renal Vascular Thrombosis

(RVT) describes a condition in which thrombus forms in the renal veins or their branches. RVT is rare and occurs most commonly in adults with nephrotic syndrome and newborn infants with volume contraction or inherited thrombophilia. It is a blood clot that develops in the vein that drains blood from the kidney. The kidneys are responsible for removing wastes from the body, regulating electrolyte balance and blood pressure, and the stimulation of red blood cell production.

987) Renal Vasculitis

Also called ANCA glomerulonephritis, is an autoimmune disease that causes your white blood cells to attack the glomeruli, the tiny blood vessels that filter blood in your kidneys. This causes swelling and damage to the capillaries (blood vessels). When symptoms do occur, they include abdominal pain, blood in your urine, and a rash on your buttocks or lower legs. Kidney specialists (nephrologists) at University of Miami Health System are experienced in diagnosing and treating renal vasculitis.

988) Renal Vein Embolism

(RVT) describes a condition in which thrombus forms in the renal veins or their branches. RVT is rare and occurs most commonly in adults with nephrotic syndrome and newborn infants with volume contraction or inherited thrombophilia. Acute renal vein thrombosis usually presents with symptoms of renal infarction, including flank pain, flank tenderness, rapid deterioration of renal function and worsening proteinuria, micro or macroscopic hematuria. Nausea, vomiting or fever may be present. Renal vein thrombosis is a blood clot that develops in the vein that drains blood from the kidney. The kidneys are responsible for removing wastes from the body, regulating electrolyte balance and blood pressure, and the stimulation of red blood cell production.

989) Renal Vein Thrombosis

(RVT) is the formation of a clot in the vein that drains blood from the kidneys, ultimately leading to a reduction in the drainage of one or both kidneys and the possible migration of the clot to other parts of the body. Acute renal vein thrombosis usually presents with symptoms of renal infarction, including flank pain, flank tenderness, rapid deterioration of renal function and worsening proteinuria, micro or macroscopic hematuria. Nausea, vomiting or fever may be present. Renal vein thrombosis is a blood clot that develops in the vein that drains blood from the kidney. The kidneys are responsible for removing wastes from the body, regulating electrolyte balance and blood pressure, and the stimulation of red blood cell production.

990) Respiratory Arrest

Definition of respiratory arrest:  a state in which one stops breathing The hospital reported an increase in respiratory arrests. Signs of Respiratory Distress: Breathing rate. An increase in the number of breaths per minute may mean that a person is having trouble breathing or not getting enough oxygen. Color changes; Grunting; Nose flaring; Retractions; Sweating; Wheezing; Body position. Brain injury is likely if respiratory arrest goes untreated for more than three minutes, and death is almost certain if more than five minutes. Damage may be reversible if treated early enough. Respiratory arrest is a life-threatening medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention and management.

991) Respiratory Disorder

Or lung diseases, are disorders such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, lung cancer, mesothelioma, pulmonary hypertension, and tuberculosis. If left untreated, lung disease can produce health complications, problematic symptoms, and life-threatening conditions. The Top 8 Respiratory Illnesses and Diseases: Asthma; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD); Chronic Bronchitis; Emphysema; Lung Cancer; Cystic Fibrosis/Bronchiectasis; Pneumonia; Pleural Effusion.

992) Respiratory Distress

Is a life-threatening condition where the lungs cannot provide the body’s vital organs with enough oxygen. It’s usually a complication of a serious existing health condition. This means most people are already in hospital by the time they develop ARDS. Signs of Respiratory Distress: Breathing rate. An increase in the number of breaths per minute may mean that a person is having trouble breathing or not getting enough oxygen; Color changes; Grunting; Nose flaring; Retractions; Sweating; Wheezing; Body position.

993) Respiratory Failure

It is a condition in which your blood doesn’t have enough oxygen or has too much carbon dioxide. Sometimes you can have both problems. When you breathe, your lungs take in oxygen. The oxygen passes into your blood, which carries it to your organs. When a person has acute respiratory failure, the usual exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs does not occur. As a result, enough oxygen cannot reach the heart, brain, or the rest of the body. This can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, a bluish tint in the face and lips, and confusion.

994) Respiratory Paralysis

Complete or severe weakness of the muscles of respiration. This condition may be associated with MOTOR NEURON DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISEASES; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; injury to the PHRENIC NERVE; and other disorders.

995) Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection: RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lung) and pneumonia (infection of the lungs) in children younger than 1 year of age in the United States. In rare cases, bronchiolitis can be accompanied by a bacterial lung infection called pneumonia. Pneumonia will need to be treated separately. Contact your GP immediately if any of these complications occur. In adults and older children, RSV usually causes mild cold-like signs and symptoms. These may include: Congested or runny nose. Dry cough.

996) Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchitis

RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lung) and pneumonia (infection of the lungs) in children younger than 1 year of age in the United States. Know the symptoms to look for and how to care for people with RSV. RSV can be dangerous for some infants and young children.

997) Retinal Artery Embolism

Ocular stroke commonly is caused by embolism of the retinal artery, although emboli may travel to distal branches of the retinal artery, causing loss of only a section of the visual field. Retinal artery occlusion represents an ophthalmologic emergency, and delay in treatment may result in permanent loss of vision. If you have only partial blurring or loss of eyesight, you likely have branch retinal artery occlusion. Symptoms of central retinal artery occlusion: Sudden blindness in one of your eyes; Sudden, complete blurring of eyesight in one eye; Steady loss of eyesight in one eye over a few weeks.

998) Retinal Artery Occlusion

Refers to blockage of the retinal artery carrying oxygen to the nerve cells in the retina at the back of the eye. The lack of oxygen delivery to the retina may result in severe loss of vision. An embolism is the most common cause of CRAO. The three main types of emboli are cholesterol, calcium, and platelet-fibrin. Symptoms of central retinal artery occlusion: Sudden blindness in one of your eyes; Sudden, complete blurring of eyesight in one eye; Steady loss of eyesight in one eye over a few weeks.

999) Retinal Artery Thrombosis

The central retinal artery is the first branch of the ophthalmic artery. It originates from the medial surface of the ophthalmic artery either in the optic canal, or after this vessel passes through the optic foramen and has entered the dural sheath of the optic nerve. The central retinal artery is typically the first branch of the ophthalmic artery. It runs along the inferior aspect of the optic nerve before piercing the optic nerve sheath 5–15 mm posterior to the globe. Entral retinal artery occlusion is the blockage of blood to the retina of one eye. It usually causes sudden loss of eyesight in one eye. You are higher risk if you are older or have high blood pressure, glaucoma, or diabetes.

1000) Retinal Vascular Thrombosis

Retinal vein occlusion happens when a blood clot blocks the vein. Sometimes it happens because the veins of the eye are too narrow. It is more likely to occur in people with diabetes, and possibly high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, or other health problems that affect blood flow. The primary symptom of retinal vascular occlusion is a sudden change in vision. This could include blurry vision, or a partial or complete loss of vision. The vision symptoms usually only occur in one eye. Physical pain is not a symptom of retinal vascular occlusion.