Niclosamide

Niclosamide is an anthelmintic medication primarily used to treat tapeworm infections in humans and animals. It works by disrupting the metabolism of parasitic worms, leading to their paralysis and eventual elimination from the body. Unlike other anthelmintic drugs that are absorbed into the bloodstream, niclosamide acts locally within the intestines, where it effectively kills tapeworms without significant systemic absorption. This localized action minimizes the risk of side effects while ensuring high efficacy against intestinal parasites.

In addition to its well-established role in parasitic infections, niclosamide has recently gained attention for its potential antiviral and anticancer properties. Studies have suggested that it may inhibit viral replication in certain infections and interfere with key cellular pathways involved in tumor growth. Its ability to disrupt oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function in cancer cells has made it a promising candidate for repurposing in oncology research. Additionally, some investigations have explored niclosamide’s potential role in managing metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, due to its effects on cellular energy regulation.

Niclosamide is generally well-tolerated, with nausea, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea being the most commonly reported side effects. However, due to its minimal absorption, systemic adverse effects are rare, making it a safer choice for treating intestinal worm infections. It is typically taken as a single oral dose, often requiring a follow-up stool examination to confirm the complete eradication of parasites. Given its broad range of potential therapeutic applications, niclosamide continues to be an important focus of medical research, expanding beyond its traditional use in parasitic infections to areas such as virology, oncology, and metabolic health.